REVIEW ARTICLE
Pulpal and Periodontal Tissues Changes Associated with Le Fort I and Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomies: A review
Konstantinos Lazaridis1, Maria Lazaridou2, *, Athanasios E. Athanasiou3
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2018Volume: 12
First Page: 24
Last Page: 31
Publisher ID: TODENTJ-12-24
DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010024
Article History:
Received Date: 7/07/2017Revision Received Date: 8/12/2017
Acceptance Date: 26/12/2017
Electronic publication date: 29/1/2018
Collection year: 2018
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Introduction:
Le Fort I and sagittal split ramus osteotomies are the most commonly performed orthognathic surgery procedures on the maxilla and mandible, respectively.
Techniques:
Despite progress in the techniques, these procedures may still be associated with morbidity, expressed as inflammation, inadequate bony union, periodontal damages or in extreme cases even total bone loss.
Discussion:
Through a comprehensive review of the literature, the influences of maxillary and mandibular surgery on Pulpal Blood Flow (PBF), pulp sensitivity and pulp vitality are examined. Moreover, adverse effects of maxillary surgery on tooth color and periodontal tissues are also reported. The effects had a variety of expression. Concerning maxillary surgery, some studies showed an initial increase in PBF followed by a decrease to the baseline or even lower levels after 1-3 months. Other studies found an initial decrease in PBF followed by an increase soon after. There were also studies that showed no significant PBF changes, in contrast.
Conclusion:
Concerning mandibular surgery, a recent study showed a decrease in PBF immediately after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Some authors detected tooth discoloration of maxillary teeth after Le Fort I osteotomy. Root resorption and root injury were also detected, but were of minor significance. Usually, these adverse effects derive from injury of the vessels of the palatal pedicle. This pedicle should be maintained intact for the avoidance of blood flow impairments. In addition, the descending palatine artery should be protected during maxillary surgery procedures in order to maintain the highest possible blood flow on the maxillary teeth.
