Forehead Anthropometrics of Jazan Population, Saudi Arabia: A Prospective Analytical Study

Forehead morphology plays a critical role in craniofacial analysis, with variations influenced by factors such as gender, age, and ethnicity. Understanding these differences is essential for applications in forensic science, anthropology, and aesthetic surgery. This study aimed to analyze variations in forehead measurements across gender, age, occupation, and geographical locations.

A total of 297 participants (148 males, 149 females) were included in this study. Forehead measurements (M1–M7), superior forehead width (SFH), and lower forehead width (LFH) were recorded as described in previously published studies. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Bonferroni tests were conducted to assess associations. The p-value was set to 0.05.

Significant differences were observed in forehead dimensions between males and females (p < .001), with males generally exhibiting larger measurements except for SFH and LFH. A significant difference between the groups for forehead M1, forehead M2, forehead M3, forehead M4, forehead M5, forehead M6, forehead M7, SFH width, and LFH width in relation to gender was observed (p=<.001).

This study confirms significant gender-based differences in forehead dimensions, with males exhibiting larger vertical measurements. These findings hold potential applications in forensic identification, cosmetic surgery, and anthropological research.

The analysis demonstrated that males have statistically longer foreheads compared to females. Additionally, these findings provide a foundation for forensic identification, anthropological studies, cosmetic surgeries, and clinical applications in craniofacial analysis.