Narrative Review on Materials and Manufacturing Techniques of Metal Brackets

The metallic materials used in orthodontic brackets, such as stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, titanium, and precious metal alloys, exhibit varying mechanical and biological properties. This review aims to evaluate the characteristics of these materials and examine the manufacturing methods employed in bracket production.

This study was designed as a narrative review. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as “metal brackets,” “stainless steel,” “cobalt-chromium,” “titanium,” “casting,” “sintering,” and “metal injection molding” were used. Articles focusing on material composition, mechanical performance, and manufacturing techniques were selected for synthesis.

Stainless steel brackets, especially those made from austenitic and precipitation-hardened types, are widely used due to their cost-efficiency and strength. Cobalt-chromium and titanium brackets offer superior biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Metal Injection Molding (MIM) allows for precise and efficient bracket production, reducing material waste and minimizing cytotoxicity concerns.

Advancements in materials and manufacturing techniques have significantly improved the performance of orthodontic brackets. MIM, titanium alloys, and biocompatible alternatives offer promising pathways for reducing allergic reactions and improving clinical outcomes.