Simultaneous Sinus Augmentation and Implant Placement in the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla: A Systematic Review

Rehabilitating the severely resorbed posterior maxilla presents a significant clinical challenge. Successful implant placement in the posterior maxilla requires sufficient bone volume, critically influencing the surgical approach. Limited bone height necessitates careful assessment to determine the appropriateness of a one-stage or two-stage lateral sinus lift procedure. A two-stage approach involves preliminary sinus augmentation followed by implant placement after graft maturation (typically 6 months or more).

This systematic review examines the feasibility and efficacy of a one-stage approach, which includes simultaneous maxillary sinus floor augmentation and implant placement in atrophic maxillae with less than 5 mm of residual bone height. The primary focus is on analyzing implant survival rates and providing evidence-based guidance for optimizing treatment protocols.

An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE-PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, supplemented by a manual review of reference lists. This review included English-language publications on maxillary sinus floor augmentation using various biomaterials. All clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria were considered.

Nine studies met the eligibility criteria (5 prospective cohort studies, 1 case report, 2 controlled clinical trials, and 1 randomized controlled trial). A total of 801 implants were included in the analysis. Implant survival rates ranged from 90% to 100%.

This comprehensive analysis will contribute to a deeper understanding of factors influencing successful implant integration in the posterior maxilla, particularly regarding the potential to significantly reduce treatment time by eliminating the graft maturation period required for two-stage procedures.