Prolonged Sitting and Low Back Pain in Dental Practice: A Complex Relationship Explored in Jakarta

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability globally, affecting approximately 619 million people in 2020, with projections suggesting that this number will rise to 843 million by 2050. LBP accounts for a significant proportion of years lived with disability (YLDs) worldwide. Dentists are particularly vulnerable to LBP due to the prolonged static and non-ergonomic postures required to access small areas within the oral cavity, which often results in extended examination times. Poor posture, such as prolonged standing or sitting, is a recognized risk factor for developing LBP. This study aims to examine the relationship between prolonged sitting duration during dental practice and the prevalence of LBP among dentists in Jakarta.

A cross-sectional study was performed involving 106 dentists, chosen through quota sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were gathered using a standardized questionnaire and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) to assess functional impairment due to LBP. The Chi-Square test was used to analyse the association between sitting duration and LBP complaints.

The results showed no significant association between prolonged sitting duration (p = 0.617) or physical activity (p = 0.662) and the prevalence of LBP. However, age was significantly associated with LBP prevalence (p = 0.008), with dentists aged 46–65 years reporting a higher prevalence. Additionally, years of practice approached statistical significance (p = 0.057), suggesting a potential link between prolonged occupational exposure and the risk of LBP. Despite the lack of significance for sitting duration and physical activity, the findings highlight the importance of considering other factors, such as chair design, posture, movement patterns, and the cumulative impact of years of practice, that may contribute to LBP in this professional group.

Age and years of practice are important factors contributing to the prevalence of LBP among dentists, emphasizing the impact of age-related changes and prolonged occupational strain. While sitting duration and physical activity showed no significant association, the findings underscore the need for targeted ergonomic interventions and preventative strategies tailored to the specific demands of dental practice.