Radiographic Evaluation of Fixed Prosthesis in the Ha’il Province of Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to assess the marginal adaptability of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) performed by private practitioners in the Ha’il district of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, complications associated with the restorations were also recorded.

A comprehensive analysis was carried out on 1139 periapical digital radiographs to determine the type of material utilized for the prosthesis, as well as to observe and record various radiographic findings, including the presence of periapical lesions, marginal discrepancy, and the presence of calculus. In addition, the sheet documented the condition of the neighboring tooth, stating whether it was healthy, absent, or decayed. An analysis was performed to determine the frequency distribution and cross-tabulation of the variables. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to assess the possible association between the several factors described in this study.

The prevalence rate of dental caries in the mesial adjacent teeth to single or multiple-unit FPDs was 138 (15.4%), and in the distal adjacent teeth was 136 (15.2%). The likelihood of an apical lesion and bone loss in adjacent teeth both mesially and distally was found to be higher, whereas the absence of calculus was more frequent than its presence. There was no statistically significant correlation found between having more than one unit prosthesis or a single crown and the occurrence of periapical lesions, bone loss, or calculus buildup on teeth mesial to FPDs (p > 0.05). However, at the distal adjacent teeth, statistically significant differences were recorded (p < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the type of prosthesis material and the marginal integrity in mesial abutments for FPDs (p < 0.05) as well as single crowns (p < 0.05).

The frequency of dental problems identified in this study was higher in comparison to other investigations on FPDs. Ensuring the long-term durability of any restoration relies heavily on achieving optimal marginal fit and exact interproximal contacts, which are critical technical considerations.