RESEARCH ARTICLE


Cationic Lipid Content in Liposome-Encapsulated Nisin Improves Sustainable Bactericidal Activity against Streptococcus mutans



Kazuo Yamakami1, *, Hideaki Tsumori2, Yoshitaka Shimizu3, Yutaka Sakurai1, Kohei Nagatoshi4, Kenji Sonomoto5
1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, National Defense Medical College,Tokorozawa, Japan
2 Department of Chemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
3 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
4 Eco Friendly Institute Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
5 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan


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© Yamakami et al; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; Tel: +81-4 (2995)1563; Fax: +81-4(2996) 5195; E-mail: yamakami@ndmc.ac.jp


Abstract

An oral infectious disease, dental caries, is caused by the cariogenic streptococci Streptococcus mutans. The expected preventive efficiency for prophylactics against dental caries is not yet completely observed. Nisin, a bacteriocin, has been demonstrated to be microbicidal against S. mutans, and liposome-encapsulated nisin improves preventive features that may be exploited for human oral health. Here we examined the bactericidal effect of charged lipids on nisin-loaded liposomes against S. mutans and inhibitory efficiency for insoluble glucan synthesis by the streptococci for prevention of dental caries. Cationic liposome, nisin-loaded dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/phytosphingosine, exhibited higher bactericidal activities than those of electroneutral liposome and anionic liposome. Bactericidal efficiency of the cationic liposome revealed that the vesicles exhibited sustained inhibition of glucan synthesis and the lowest rate of release of nisin from the vesicles. The optimizing ability of cationic liposome-encapsulated nisin that exploit the sustained preventive features of an anti-streptococcal strategy may improve prevention of dental caries.

Keywords: Cationic liposome, Dental caries, Insoluble glucan, MIC, Nisin, Streptococcus mutans.