TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-9-92 1553505639 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 2 27 2015 9 1 Samuel B. Low Edward P. Allen Elias D. Kontogiorgos Objective: This clinical study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of a commercially available toothpaste containing potassium nitrate, sodium monoflurophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite as well as antioxidants phloretin, ferulic acid and silymarin in reducing dental hypersensitivity in adults. Methods: The clinical trial enrolled patients with a history of dentin hypersensitivity. A test toothpaste was introduced into the daily routine, which included initial instruction on usage. Patients completed a five-question visual analog scale (VAS) at the inception/baseline, after two days and after two weeks of using the toothpaste to determine their level of tooth sensitivity at baseline with the use of the toothpaste over time. Results: Patients that had significant sensitivity at baseline had a range of 52% to 76 % improvement after 48 hours and a range of 70% to 84% improvement after two weeks. Conclusion: A toothpaste containing potassium nitrate, sodium monoflurophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite plus antioxidants phloretin, ferulic acid and silymarin applied daily significantly decreased tooth pain of dentin hypersensitivity within a two-day and two-week time period. Clinical Significance: Based on the clinical study results, a daily application of a toothpaste containing potassium nitrate, sodium monofluorophosphate, and nano-hydroxyapatite plus antioxidants phloretin, ferulic acid and silymarin can significantly and quickly reduce tooth pain of dentin hypersensitivity. 2 27 2015 92 97 TODENTJ-9-92 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2014-11-3 2014-12-8 2014-12-11 2015-2-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 10.2174/1874364101509010092 1553505639 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/92/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-92/TODENTJ-9-92.xml Int Dental J Addy M 52 367 2002 Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity new perspectives on an old problem Int Dental J 2002; 52 (5) : 367-75. J N Z Soc Periodontol Irvine JH 66 15 1988 Irvine JH. Root surface sensitivity a review of aetiology and management J N Z Soc Periodontol 1988; 66 : 15-8. J Conserv Dent Miglani S 13 218 2010 Miglani S, Aggarwal V, Ahuja B. Dentine hypersensitivity recent trends in management J Conserv Dent 2010; 13 (4) : 218-4. Proc Finn Dent Soc Brännström M 88 7 1992 Brännström M. Etiology of dentin hypersensitivity Proc Finn Dent Soc 1992; 88 (1) : 7-13. J Clin Periodontol Absi EG 14 280 1987 Absi EG, Addy M, Adams D. Dentin hypersensitivity a study of the patency of dentinal tubules in sensitive and non-sensitive cervical dentine J Clin Periodontol 1987; 14 : 280-4. J Dent Shiraz Uni Med Sci Davari AR 14 136 2013 Davari AR, Ataei E, Assarzadeh H. Dentin hypersensitivity etiology, diagnosis and treatment; a lit-erature review J Dent Shiraz Uni Med Sci 2013; 14 (3) : 136-45. Am J Dent Cummins D 23(Spe Issue) A 3A 2010 Cummins D. Recent advances in dentin hypersensitivity CLINICALLY proven treatments for instant and lasting sensitivity relief Am J Dent 2010; 23(Spe Issue) : A 3A-13A. Biomed Mater Huang SB 4 034104 2009 Huang SB, Gao SS, Yu HY. Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite concentration on remineralization of initial enamel lesion in vitro Biomed Mater 2009; 4 (3) : 034104. J Dent Tschoppe P 39 430 2011 Tschoppe P, Zandim DL, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Enamel and dentine remineralization by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes J Dent 2011; 39 (6) : 430-7. J Mater Chem Li L 18 4079 2008 Li L, Pan H, Tao J , et al. Repair of enamel by using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the building blocks J Mater Chem 2008; 18 : 4079-84. J Esthet Restorat Dent Browning WD 24 268 2012 Browning WD, Cho SD, Deschepper EJ. Effect of a nano-hydroxyapatite paste on bleaching-related tooth sensitivity J Esthet Restorat Dent 2012; 24 (4) : 268-76. Int Dent SA Walsh LJ 11 6 2009 Walsh LJ. Contemporary technologies for remineralization therapies a review Int Dent SA 2009; 11 (6) : 6-16. J En-dodont Pashley DH 12 465 1986 Pashley DH. Dentin permeability, dentin sensitivity, and treatment through tubule occlusion J En-dodont 1986; 12 (10) : 465-74. Acta Physiologica Nahri M 119 381 1983 Nahri M, Haegerstam G. Intradental nerve activity induced by reduced pressure applied to exposed dentine in the cat Acta Physiologica 1983; 119 : 381-6. J Am Dental Assoc Tarbet WJ 98 914 1979 Tarbet WJ, Silverman G, Stolman JM, Fratareangelo PA. An evaluation of two methods for the quantitation of dentinal hypersensitivity J Am Dental Assoc 1979; 98 : 914-8. JAm Dental Assoc Hodosh MA 88 831 1974 Hodosh MA. A superior desensitizer, potassium nitrate JAm Dental Assoc 1974; 88 : 831-3. J Am Dental Assoc Tarbet WJ 105 227 1982 Tarbet WJ, Silverman G, Fratareangelo PS, Kauapka JA. Home treatment for dentinal hypersensitity a comparative study J Am Dental Assoc 1982; 105 : 227-30. J Nanomaterials Roveri N 2009 9 2009 Roveri N, Battistella E, Bianchi CL , et al. Surface enamel remineralization Biomimetic apatite nanocrystals and fluoride ions different effects J Nanomaterials 2009; 2009 : 9. Nat Nanotechnol Hannig M 5 565 2010 Hannig M, Hannig C. Nanomaterials in preven-tive dentistry Nat Nanotechnol 2010; 5 : 565-9. J Periodontol Shetty S 81 1781 2010 Shetty S, Kohad R, Yeltiwar R. Hydroxyap-atite as an in-office agent for tooth hypersensitivity a clinical and scanning electron microscopic study J Periodontol 2010; 81 : 1781-9. Oral Hyg Health Shetty S 1 104 2013 Shetty S, Kohad R, Yeltiwar R, Shetty K. Comparative evaluation of hydroxyapatite, potassium nitrate and sodium monofluorophosphate as in-office desensitizing agents a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial Oral Hyg Health 2013; 1 (1) : 104. Med Sci Monitor Slósarczyk A 4 172 1998 Slósarczyk A, Zofia KK, Stobierska E, Paszkiewicz A. Cracow hydroxyapatite ceramics a product report Med Sci Monitor 1998; 4 : 172-5. J Dental Res Chaussain-Miller C 85 22 2006 Chaussain-Miller C, Fioretti F, Goldberg M, Menashi S. The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human caries J Dental Res 2006; 85 (1) : 22-32. Oral Dis Sorsa T 10 311 2004 Sorsa T, Tjaderhane L, Salo T. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in oral diseases Oral Dis 2004; 10 (6) : 311-8. Acta Odontol Scandinavia Hannas AR 65 1 2007 Hannas AR, Pereira JC, Granjeiro JM, Tjäderhane L. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the oral environment Acta Odontol Scandinavia 2007; 65 (1) : 1-13. J Dental Res Kato MT 89 468 2010 Kato MT, Leite AL, Hannas AR, Buzalef MAR. Gels containing MMP inhibitors prevent dental erosion in situ J Dental Res 2010; 89 (5) : 468-72. Curr Top Med Chem Sang Q-XA 6 289 2006 Sang Q-XA, Jin Y, Newcomer RG , et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as prospective agents for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases Curr Top Med Chem 2006; 6 : 289-316. Gen Dent Southward K 59 367 2011 Southward K. The systemic theory of dental car-ies Gen Dent 2011; 59 (5) : 367-73. CDHA J Hurlbutt M 25 9 2010 Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental Caries a pH-mediated disease CDHA J 2010; 25 (1) : 9-15.