TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-9-482 1553505942 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 12 31 2015 9 1 Mauro Henrique Chagas Silva Celso Neiva Campos Marcelo Santos Coelho Root canal treatment of teeth presenting immature development is a great challenge for both the patient and the professional. The thinness of the root canal walls of immature teeth may lead to root fracture and thus the outcomes of such treatments are uncertain. Revascularization is based on root canal decontamination followed by the induction of blood migration from the periapical tissues and the development of new vascular tissue in the canal space. The principle of disinfection in regenerative endodontics is that it should be achieved with minimum root canal instrumentation; an intracanal medication is used to inhibit bacterial growth and appropriate sealing of the coronal portion is performed. The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) considerations for regenerative endodontics include calcium hydroxide as an alternative intracanal dressing. This material has also been claimed to diminish the possibility of dental staining during revascularization procedures. The relatively new treatment protocol has been widely reported in the last few years; however it should be performed only when other alternatives are not reasonable. This case report presents a 3-year follow-up of a case of revascularization of a maxillary central incisor using calcium hydroxide as a root canal disinfection dressing. 12 31 2015 482 485 TODENTJ-9-482 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2015-9-18 2015-11-11 2015-11-13 2015-12-31 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1874210601509010482 1553505942 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/482/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V9/TODENTJ-9-482/TODENTJ-9-482.xml J. Endod Hargreaves K.M. 40 S65 2014 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.023 Hargreaves KM, Diogenes A, Teixeira FB. Paradigm lost: a perspective on the design and interpretation of regenerative endodontic research J Endod 2014; 40 (4) (Suppl.) : S65-9. J. Endod Banchs F. 30 196 2004 10.1097/00004770-200404000-00003 Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol? J Endod 2004; 30 (4) : 196-200. J. Endod Windley W. 31 439 2005 10.1097/01.don.0000148143.80283.ea Windley W III, Teixeira F, Levin L, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Disinfection of immature teeth with a triple antibiotic paste J Endod 2005; 31 (6) : 439-43. J. Endod Soares Ade.J. 39 417 2013 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.005 Soares AdeJ, Lins FF, Nagata JY, et al. Pulp revascularization after root canal decontamination with calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel J Endod 2013; 39 (3) : 417-20. J. Endod Bose R. 35 1343 2009 10.1016/j.joen.2009.06.021 Bose R, Nummikoski P, Hargreaves K. A retrospective evaluation of radiographic outcomes in immature teeth with necrotic root canal systems treated with regenerative endodontic procedures J Endod 2009; 35 (10) : 1343-9. J. Conserv. Dent Johns D.A. 17 487 2014 10.4103/0972-0707.139850 Johns DA, Shivashankar VY, Krishnamma S, Johns M. Use of photoactivated disinfection and platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative Endodontics J Conserv Dent 2014; 17 (5) : 487-90. J. Endod Akcay M. 40 845 2014 10.1016/j.joen.2013.09.019 Akcay M, Arslan H, Yasa B, Kavrık F, Yasa E. Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by various antibiotic pastes used in revascularization J Endod 2014; 40 (6) : 845-8. J. Endod Gordon T.M. 11 156 1985 10.1016/S0099-2399(85)80139-4 Gordon TM, Ranly DM, Boyan BD. The effects of calcium hydroxide on bovine pulp tissue: variations in pH and calcium concentration J Endod 1985; 11 (4) : 156-60. J. Endod Law A.S. 39 S44 2013 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.019 Law AS. Considerations for regeneration procedures J Endod 2013; 39 (3) (Suppl.) : S44-56. Odontol. Revy Schröder U. 22 379 1971 Schröder U, Granath LE. Early reaction of intact human teeth to calcium hydroxide following experimental pulpotomy and its significance to the development of hard tissue barrier Odontol Revy 1971; 22 (4) : 379-95. Dent. Traumatol Garcia-Godoy F. 28 33 2012 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01044.x Garcia-Godoy F, Murray PE. Recommendations for using regenerative endodontic procedures in permanent immature traumatized teeth Dent Traumatol 2012; 28 (1) : 33-41. Acta Odontol. Scand Ostby B.N. 19 324 1961 10.3109/00016356109043395 Ostby BN. The role of the blood clot in endodontic therapy. An experimental histologic study Acta Odontol Scand 1961; 19 : 324-53. J. Endod Kahler B. 40 333 2014 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.032 Kahler B, Mistry S, Moule A, et al. Revascularization outcomes: a prospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases J Endod 2014; 40 (3) : 333-8. Dent. Traumatol Andreasen J.O. 18 134 2002 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00097.x Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture Dent Traumatol 2002; 18 (3) : 134-7. J. Endod Petrino J.A. 36 536 2010 10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.006 Petrino JA, Boda KK, Shambarger S, Bowles WR, McClanahan SB. Challenges in regenerative endodontics: a case series J Endod 2010; 36 (3) : 536-41. J. Endod Ruparel N.B. 38 1372 2012 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.018 Ruparel NB, Teixeira FB, Ferraz CC, Diogenes A. Direct effect of intracanal medicaments on survival of stem cells of the apical papilla J Endod 2012; 38 (10) : 1372-5. J. Endod Berkhoff J.A. 40 1172 2014 10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.027 Berkhoff JA, Chen PB, Teixeira FB, Diogenes A. Evaluation of triple antibiotic paste removal by different irrigation procedures J Endod 2014; 40 (8) : 1172-7. J. Endod Felman D. 39 484 2013 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.053 Felman D, Parashos P. Coronal tooth discoloration and white mineral trioxide aggregate J Endod 2013; 39 (4) : 484-7. J. Endod Guimarães B.M. 41 947 2015 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.008 Guimarães BM, Tartari T, Marciano MA, et al. Color stability, radiopacity, and chemical characteristics of white mineral trioxide aggregate associated with 2 different vehicles in contact with blood J Endod 2015; 41 (6) : 947-52. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent Rajasekharan S. 15 147 2014 10.1007/s40368-014-0114-3 Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Cauwels RG, Verbeeck RM. Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a review of the literature Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014; 15 (3) : 147-58.