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        <full_title>The Open Dentistry Journal</full_title>
        <abbrev_title>TODENTJ</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="print">2213-0886</issn>
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        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>11</month>
          <day>12</day>
          <year>2015</year>
        </publication_date>
        <journal_volume>
          <volume>9</volume>
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        <issue>1</issue>
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      <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
        <titles>
          <title>Dentinal Tubule Disinfection with Propolis &amp; Two Extracts of Azadirachta
indica Against Candida albicans Biofilm Formed on Tooth Substrate</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first">
            <given_name>Dakshita</given_name>
            <surname> Joy Sinha</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Paridhi</given_name>
            <surname>Garg</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Anurag</given_name>
            <surname> Verma</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Vibha</given_name>
            <surname> Malik</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Edgar Richard</given_name>
            <surname> Maccune</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Agrima</given_name>
            <surname> Vasudeva</surname>
          </person_name>
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        <jats:abstract>
            <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Aim:</jats:title>
            <jats:p>This study evaluates the disinfection of dentinal tubules using Propolis, <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica</jats:italic> (alcoholic and aqueous extracts), 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against <jats:italic>Candida albicans</jats:italic> biofilm formed on tooth substrate.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec>
            <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Materials &amp; Method:</jats:title>
            <jats:p>One hundred and five human teeth were infected with Candida albicans for 2 days. Samples were divided into 7 groups. Group I- Propolis, Group II- Alcoholic extract of <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica</jats:italic>, Group III- Aqueous extract of <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica</jats:italic>, Group IV- 2% Chlorhexidine, Group V- Calcium hydroxide, Group VI- Ethanol and Group VII- Saline (negative control). At the end of 1,3 and 5 days, the antimicrobial efficacy of medicaments against <jats:italic>Candida albicans</jats:italic> was assessed at the depths of 200 µm and 400 µm.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec>
            <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>
            <jats:p>The overall percentage inhibition of fungal growth (at 200 µm and 400 µm depth) was 99.2% with 2% chlorhexidine gel. There was no statistical difference between propolis, alcoholic extract of <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica</jats:italic> (neem) and 2% chlorhexidine.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec>
            <jats:sec>
            <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title>
            <jats:p>Propolis and alcoholic extract of <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica</jats:italic> performed equally well as that of 2% Chlorhexidine.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec>
           </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date>
          <month>11</month>
          <day>12</day>
          <year>2015</year>
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        <pages>
          <first_page>369</first_page>
          <last_page>374</last_page>
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