TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-8-56 1553505525 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 5 16 2014 8 1 Jie Liu David G Kerns Post-extraction crestal bone resorption is common and unavoidable which can lead to significant ridge dimensional changes. To regenerate enough bone for successful implant placement, Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is often required. GBR is a surgical procedure that uses barrier membranes with or without particulate bone grafts or/and bone substitutes. There are two approaches of GBR in implant therapy: GBR at implant placement (simultaneous approach) and GBR before implant placement to increase the alveolar ridge or improve ridge morphology (staged approach). Angiogenesis and ample blood supply play a critical role in promoting bone regeneration. 5 16 2014 56 65 TODENTJ-8-56 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2014-1-10 2014-1-5 2014-2-12 2014-5-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 10.2174/1874210601408010056 1553505525 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/8/PAGE/56/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V8/TODENTJ-8-56/TODENTJ-8-56.xml J Am Dental Assoc Amler MH 61 32 1960 Amler MH, Johnson PL, Salman I. Histological and histochemical investigation of human alveolar socket healing in undisturbed extraction wounds. J Am Dental Assoc 1960; 61 : 32-44. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Amler MH 27 309 1969 Amler MH. The time sequence of tissue regeneration in human extraction wounds. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 27 : 309-18. J Clin Periodontol Cardaropoli G 30 809 2003 Cardaropoli G, Araujo M, Lindhe J. Dynamics of bone tissue formation in tooth extraction sites: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30 : 809-18. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Schropp L 23 313 2003 Schropp L, Wenzel A, Kostopoulos L , et al. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 2003; 23 : 313-23. J Periodontol Lekovic V 68 563 1997 Lekovic V, Kenney EB, Weinlaender M , et al. A bone regenerative approach to alveolar ridge maintenance following tooth extraction.Report of 10 cases. J Periodontol 1997; 68 : 563-70. J Periodontol Lekovic V 69 54 1998 Lekovic V, Klokkevold PR, Kenney EB , et al. Histologic evaluation of guided tissue regeneration using 4 barrier membranes: a comparative furcation study in dogs. J Periodontol 1998; 69 : 54-61. J Periodontol Lekovic V 69 1044 1998 Lekovic V, Camargo PM, Klokkevold PR , et al. Preservation of alveolar bone in extraction sockets using bioabsorbable membranes. J Periodontol 1998; 69 : 1044-9. J Periodontol Nemcovsky CE 67 390 1996 Nemcovsky CE, Serfaty V. Alveolar ridge preservation following extraction of maxillary anterior teeth.Report on 23 consecutive cases. J Periodontol 1996; 67 : 390-5. J Periodontol Artzi Z 69 1062 1998 Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE. The application of deproteinized bovine bone mineral for ridge preservation prior to implantation.Clinical and histological observations in a case report. J Periodontol 1998; 69 : 1062-7. Gen Dent Ashman A 48 304 2000 Ashman A. Ridge preservation: important buzzwords in dentistry. Gen Dent 2000; 48 : 304-12. J Clin Periodontol Van der Weijden F 36 1048 2009 Van der Weijden F, Dell'Acqua F, Slot DE. Alveolar bone dimensional changes of post-extraction sockets in humans: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36 : 1048-58. Acta Odontol Scand Carlsson GE 25 45 1967 Carlsson GE, Bergman B, Hedegard B. Changes in contour of the maxillary alveolar process under immediate dentures: a longitudinal clinical and x-ray cephalometric study covering 5 years. Acta Odontol Scand 1967; 25 : 45-75. J Oral Implantol Bartee BK 27 187 2001 Bartee BK. Extraction site reconstruction for alveolar ridge preservation.Part 1: rationale and materials selection. J Oral Implantol 2001; 27 : 187-93. J Oral Implantol Bartee BK 27 194 2001 Bartee BK. Extraction site reconstruction for alveolar ridge preservation.Part 2: membrane-assisted surgical technique. J Oral Implantol 2001; 27 : 194-7. Implant Dent Wang HL 16 33 2007 Wang HL, Tsao YP. Mineralized bone allograft-plug socket augmentation: rationale and technique. Implant Dent 2007; 16 : 33-41. Implant Dent Wang HL 13 286 2004 Wang HL, Kiyonobu K, Neiva RF. Socket augmentation: rationale and technique. Implant Dent 2004; 13 : 286-96. J Periodontol Brownfield LA 83 581 2012 Brownfield LA, Weltman RL. Ridge preservation with or without an osteoinductive allograft: a clinical. radiograhic.micro-computed tomography., and histologic study evaluating dimensional changes and new bone formation of the alveolar ridge. J Periodontol 2012; 83 : 581-9. J Periodontol Barone A 79 1370 2008 Barone A, Aldini NN, Fini M , et al. Xenograft versus extraction alone for ridge preservation after tooth removal: a clinical and histomorphometric study. J Periodontol 2008; 79 : 1370-7. Int J Oral and Maxillofac Surg Lekholm U 15 53 1986 Lekholm U, Adell R, Lindhe J , et al. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures.(II) A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral and Maxillofac Surg 1986; 15 : 53-61. Plastic Reconstruct Surg Dahlin C 81 672 1988 Dahlin C, Linde A, Gottlow J , et al. Healing of bone defects by guided tissue regeneration. Plastic Reconstruct Surg 1988; 81 : 672-6. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Dahlin C 4 19 1989 Dahlin C, Sennerby L, Lekholm U , et al. Generation of new bone around titanium implants using a membrane technique: an experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1989; 4 : 19-25. The Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Becker W 10 376 1990 Becker W, Becker BE. Guided tissue regeneration for implants placed into extraction sockets and for implant dehiscences: surgical techniques and case report. The Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1990; 10 : 376-91. The Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Becker W 92 1990 Becker W, Becker BE, Handlesman M , et al. Bone formation at dehisced dental implant sites treated with implant augmentation material: a pilot study in dogs. The Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1990; 92-101. J Periodontol Gher ME 65 881 1994 Gher ME, Quintero G, Assad D , et al. Bone grafting and guided bone regeneration for immediate dental implants in humans. J Periodontol 1994; 65 : 881-91. Implant Dent Wang HL 15 8 2006 Wang HL, Boyapati L. "PASS" principles for predictable bone regeneration. Implant Dent 2006; 15 : 8-17. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl Schenk RK 9 13 1994 Schenk RK, Buser D, Hardwick WR , et al. Healing pattern of bone regeneration in membrane-protected defects: a histologic study in the canine mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 1994; 9 : 13-29. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N.Am Javed A 22 283 2010 Javed A, Chen H, Ghori FY. Genetic and transcriptional control of bone formation. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin NAm 2010; 22 : 283-93. Buser D, Ed. 20 years of guided bone regeneration in implant dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Pub Co. 2009. Implant Dent Misch CE 2 158 1993 Misch CE, Dietsh F. Bone-grafting materials in implant dentistry. Implant Dent 1993; 2 : 158-67. J Periodontol Evian CI 53 81 1982 Evian CI, Rosenberg ES, Coslet JG , et al. The osteogenic activity of bone removed from healing extraction sockets in humans. J Periodontol 1982; 53 : 81-5. Rose L MB, Genco R, Cohen W, Eds. Periodontics: Medicine. Sureryand Implants. Elsevier Mosby 2004. Implant Dent Barboza E 8 360 1999 Barboza E, Caula A, Machado F. Potential of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bone regeneration. Implant Dent 1999; 8 : 360-7. Proceed Nat Acad Sci USA Wang EA 87 2220 1990 Wang EA, Rosen V, D'Alessandro JS , et al. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation. Proceed Nat Acad Sci USA 1990; 87 : 2220-4. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Toriumi DM 117 1101 1991 Toriumi DM, Kotler HS, Luxenberg DP , et al. Mandibular reconstruction with a recombinant bone-inducing factor.Functinal.histologic., and biomechanical evaluation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991; 117 : 1101-2. Garg AK, Ed. Bone Biology. Harvesing& grafting for dental implants rationale and clinical applications. IL: Quintessence Publishing 2004. J Periodontol Zaner DJ 55 406 1984 Zaner DJ, Yukna RA. Particle size of periodontal bone grafting materials. J Periodontol 1984; 55 : 406-9. Orthoped Clin N Am Burchardt H 8 187 1987 Burchardt H. Biology of bone transplantation. Orthoped Clin N Am 1987; 8 : 187-96. J Oral Implant Tatum OH Jr 22 51 1996 Tatum OH Jr. Osseous grafts in intra-oral sites. J Oral Implant 1996; 22 : 51-2. J Periodontol Schallhorn RG 43 3 1972 Schallhorn RG. Postoperative problems associated with iliac transplants. J Periodontol 1972; 43 : 3-9. J Periodontol Dragoo MR 44 614 1973 Dragoo MR, Sullivan HC. A clinical and histological evaluation of autogenous iliac bone grafts in humans.II. External root resorption. J Periodontol 1973; 44 : 614-25. J Periodontol Quattlebaum JB 59 394 1988 Quattlebaum JB, Mellonig JT, Hensel NF. Antigenicity of freeze-dried cortical bone allograft in human periodontal osseous defects. J Periodontol 1988; 59 : 394-7. J Periodontol Mellonig JT 63 979 1992 Mellonig JT, Prewett AB, Moyer MP. HIV inactivation in a bone allograft. J Periodontol 1992; 63 : 979-83. immer Dental Schoepf C 17 40 2008 Schoepf C. The Tutoplast® Process: a review of efficacy. immer Dental 2008; 17 : 40-50. Science Urist MR 150 893 1965 Urist MR. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 1965; 150 : 893-9. J Periodontol Mellonig JT 52 291 1981 Mellonig JT, Bowers GM, Bailey RC. Comparison of bone graft materials.Part I. New bone formation with autografts and allografts determined by Strontium-85. J Periodontol 1981; 52 : 291-6. J Periodontol Mellonig JT 52 297 1981 Mellonig JT, Bowers GM, Cotton WR. Comparison of bone graft materials.Part II. New bone formation with autografts and allografts: a histological evaluation. J Periodontol 1981; 52 : 297-302. J Periodontol Schwartz Z 67 918 1996 Schwartz Z, Mellonig JT, Carnes DLJr , et al. Ability of commercial demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft to induce new bone formation. J Periodontol 1996; 67 : 918-26. J Periodontol Rummelhart JM 60 655 1989 Rummelhart JM, Mellonig JT, Gray JL , et al. A comparison of freeze-dried bone allograft and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in human periodontal osseous defects. J Periodontol 1989; 60 : 655-3. J Periodontol Shapoff CA 51 625 1980 Shapoff CA, Bowers GM, Levy B , et al. The effect of particle size on the osteogenic activity of composite grafts of allogeneic freeze-dried bone and autogenous marrow. J Periodontol 1980; 51 : 625-30. J Periodontol 72 834 2001 Committee on Research. Science and Therapy of the American Academy of Peridontology. Tissue banking of bone allografts used in periodontal regeneration. J Periodontol 2001; 72 : 834-. J Periodontol Sanders JJ 54 1 1983 Sanders JJ, Sepe WW, Bowers GM , et al. Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried bone allografts in periodontal osseous defects.Part III. Composite freeze-dried bone allografts with and without autogenous bone grafts. J Periodontol 1983; 54 : 1-8. Clin Oral Implants Res Berglundh T 8 117 1997 Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Healing around implants placed in bone defects treated with Bio-Oss: an experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8 : 117-24. J Periodontol Artzi Z 71 1015 2000 Artzi Z, Tal H, Dayan D. Porous bovine bone mineral in healing of human extraction sockets.Part 1. histomorphometric evaluations at 9 months. J Periodontol 2000; 71 : 1015-23. Clin Oral Implants Res Wetzel AC 6 155 1995 Wetzel AC, Stich H, Caffesse RG. Bone apposition onto oral implants in the sinus area filled with different grafting materials: a histological study in beagle dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995; 6 : 155-63. Clin Oral Implants Res van Steenberghe D 11 210 2000 van Steenberghe D, Callens A, Geers L , et al. The clinical use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral on bone regeneration in conjunction with immediate implant installation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000; 11 : 210-6. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Piattelli M 14 835 1999 Piattelli M, Favero GA, Scarano A , et al. Bone reactions to anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) used in sinus augmentation procedures: a histologic long-term report of 20 cases in humans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1999; 14 : 835-40. West J Med Lane JM 163 565 1995 Lane JM. Bone graft substitutes. West J Med 1995; 163 : 565-6. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg Isaksson S 22 375 1993 Isaksson S, Alberius P, Klinge B. Influence of three alloplastic materials on calvarial bone healing: an experimental evaluation of HTR-polymer. lactomer bads.and a carrier gel. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993; 22 : 375-81. J Periodontol Bunyaratavej P 72 215 2001 Bunyaratavej P, Wang HL. Collagen membranes: a review. J Periodontol 2001; 72 : 215-9. Periodontology 2000. Hammerle CH 33 36 2003 Hammerle CH, Jung RE. Bone augmentation by means of barrier membranes. Periodontology 2000 2003; 33 : 36-53. Dahlin C, Buser D, Dahlin C, Schenk R, Eds. Scientific Background of guided bone regeneration. In: Guided bone regeneration in implant dentistry. Chicago. : IL: Quintessence Publ 1994. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg Dahlin C 24 13 1990 Dahlin C, Gottlow J, Linde A , et al. Healing of maxillary and mandibular bone defects using a membrane technique.An experimental study in monkeys. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1990; 24 : 13-9. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Buser D 13 29 1993 Buser D, Dula K, Belser U , et al. Localized ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration.1. Surgical procedure in the maxilla. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1993; 13 : 29-45. J Periodontol Becker W 63 929 1992 Becker W, Lynch SE, Lekholm U , et al. A comparison of ePTFE membranes alone or in combination with platelet-derived growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-I or demineralized freeze-dried bone in promoting bone formation around immediate extraction socket implants. J Periodontol 1992; 63 : 929-40. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res Becker W 1 27 1999 Becker W, Dahlin C, Lekholm U , et al. Five-year evaluation of implants placed at extraction and with dehiscences and fenestration defects augmented with ePTFE membranes: results from a prospective multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 1999; 1 : 27-32. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Buser D 15 10 1995 Buser D, Dula K, Belser UC , et al. Localized ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration.II. Surgical procedure in the mandible. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1995; 15 : 10-29. Clinl Oral Implants Res Buser D 1 22 1990 Buser D, Bragger U, Lang NP , et al. Regeneration and enlargement of jaw bone using guided tissue regeneration. Clinl Oral Implants Res 1990; 1 : 22-32. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Becker W 9 31 1994 Becker W, Dahlin C, Becker BE , et al. The use of e-PTFE barrier membranes for bone promotion around titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994; 9 : 31-40. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Nevins M 12 96 1992 Nevins M, Mellonig JT. Enhancement of the damaged edentulous ridge to receive dental implants: a combination of allograft and the GORE-TEX membrane. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1992; 12 : 96-111. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Dahlin C 10 312 1995 Dahlin C, Lekholm U, Becker W , et al. Treatment of fenestration and dehiscence bone defects around oral implants using the guided tissue regeneration technique: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995; 10 : 312-8. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Lazzara RJ 9 332 1989 Lazzara RJ. Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: surgical and restorative advantages. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1989; 9 : 332-43. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Nyman S 5 9 1990 Nyman S, Lang NP, Buser D , et al. Bone regeneration adjacent to titanium dental implants using guided tissue regeneration: a report of two cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990; 5 : 9-14. J Oral Implant Bartee BK 21 88 1995 Bartee BK, Carr JA. Evaluation of a high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (n-PTFE) membrane as a barrier material to facilitate guided bone regeneration in the rat mandible. J Oral Implant 1995; 21 : 88-95. Compend Cont Edu Dent Bartee BK 19 1256 1998 Bartee BK. Evaluation of a new polytetrafluoroethylene guided tissue regeneration membrane in healing extraction sites. Compend Cont Edu Dent 1998; 19 : 1256-8. J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Sur Barber HD 65 748 2007 Barber HD, Lignelli J, Smith BM , et al. Using a dense PTFE membrane without primary closure to achieve bone and tissue regeneration.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Sur 2007; 65 : 748-52. J Periodontol Hoffmann O 79 1355 2008 Hoffmann O, Bartee BK, Beaumont C , et al. Alveolar bone preservation in extraction sockets using non-resorbable dPTFE membranes: a retrospective non-randomized study. J Periodontol 2008; 79 : 1355-69. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod Crump TB 82 365 1996 Crump TB, Rivera-Hidalgo F, Harrison JW , et al. Influence of three membrane types on healing of bone defects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996; 82 : 365-74. Implant Dent Bartee BK 4 21 1995 Bartee BK. The use of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to treat osseous defects: clinical reports. Implant Dent 1995; 4 : 21-6. Implant Dent Barboza EP 19 2 2010 Barboza EP, Stutz B, Ferreira VF , et al. Guided bone regeneration using nonexpanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes in preparation for dental implant placements--a report of 420 cases. Implant Dent 2010; 19 : 2-7. J Periodontol Walters SP 74 1161 2003 Walters SP, Greenwell H, Hill M , et al. Comparison of porous and non-porous teflon membranes plus a xenograft in the treatment of vertical osseous defects: a clinical reentry study. J Periodontol 2003; 74 : 1161-8. J Periodontol Lamb JW3rd 72 1580 2001 Lamb JW3rd, Greenwell H, Drisko C , et al. A comparison of porous and non-porous teflon membranes plus demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in the treatment of class II buccal/lingual furcation defects: a clinical reentry study. J Periodontol 2001; 72 : 1580-7. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod Sumi Y 89 268 2000 Sumi Y, Miyaishi O, Tohnai I , et al. Alveolar ridge augmentation with titanium mesh and autogenous bone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89 : 268-70. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Jovanovic SA 15 56 1995 Jovanovic SA, Nevins M. Bone formation utilizing titanium-reinforced barrier membranes. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1995; 15 : 56-69. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. Malchiodi L 13 701 1998 Malchiodi L, Scarano A, Quaranta Metal. Rigid fixation by means of titanium mesh in edentulous ridge expansion for horizontal ridge augmentation in the maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998; 13 : 701-5. Implant Dent. Steflik DE 7 338 1998 Steflik DE, Corpe RS, Young TRetal. In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of implanted biomaterials morphology of the implant-tissue interactions. Implant Dent 1998; 7 : 338-50. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. Jovanovic SA 10 23 1995 Jovanovic SA, Schenk RK, Orsini Metal. Supracrestal bone formation around dental implants an experimental dog study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995; 10 : 23-31. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. Buser D 10 666 1995 Buser D, Ruskin J, Higginbottom Fetal. Osseointegration of titanium implants in bone regenerated in membrane-protected defects a histologic study in the canine mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995; 10 : 666-81. J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Sur discussion 32-3. Buser D 54 420 1996 Buser D, Dula K, Hirt HPetal. Lateral ridge augmentation using autografts and barrier membranes a clinical study with 40 partially edentulous patients Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Sur discussion 32-3 1996; 54 : 420-32. J Periodontol. Machtei EE 72 512 2001 Machtei EE. The effect of membrane exposure on the outcome of regenerative procedures in humans a meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2001; 72 : 512-6. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent. Murphy KG 15 363 1995 Murphy KG. Postoperative healing complications associated with Gore-Tex Periodontal Material Part I Incidence and characterization. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1995; 15 : 363-75. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Murphy KG 15 548 1995 Murphy KG. Postoperative healing complications associated with Gore-Tex Periodontal Material.Part II. Effect of complications on regeneration. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1995; 15 : 548-61. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Simion M 14 166 1994 Simion M, Baldoni M, Rossi P , et al. A comparative study of the effectiveness of e-PTFE membranes with and without early exposure during the healing period. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1994; 14 : 166-80. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Zitzmann NU 12 844 1997 Zitzmann NU, Naef R, Scharer P. Resorbable versus nonresorbable membranes in combination with Bio-Oss for guided bone regeneration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997; 12 : 844-52. J Periodontol Selvig KA 63 974 1992 Selvig KA, Kersten BG, Chamberlain AD , et al. Regenerative surgery of intrabony periodontal defects using ePTFE barrier membranes: scanning electron microscopic evaluation of retrieved membranes versus clinical healing. J Periodontol 1992; 63 : 974-8. J Periodontol Tempro PJ 64 162 1993 Tempro PJ, Nalbandian J. Colonization of retrieved polytetra-fluoroethylene membranes: morphological and microbiological observations. J Periodontol 1993; 64 : 162-8. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Nowzari H 10 67 1995 Nowzari H, Slots J. Microbiologic and clinical study of polytetrafluoroethylene membranes for guided bone regeneration around implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995; 10 : 67-73. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Augthun M 10 421 1995 Augthun M, Yildirim M, Spiekermann H , et al. Healing of bone defects in combination with immediate implants using the membrane technique. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995; 10 : 421-8. Implant Dent Misch CM 4 261 1995 Misch CM, Misch CE. The repair of localized severe ridge defects for implant placement using mandibular bone grafts. Implant Dent 1995; 4 : 261-7. J Clin Periodontol Pihlstrom BL 10 524 1983 Pihlstrom BL, McHugh RB, Oliphant TH , et al. Comparison of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease: a review of current studies and additional results after 61/2 years. J Clin Periodontol 1983; 10 : 524-41. Clin Oral Implants Res Rasmusson L 8 103 1997 Rasmusson L, Sennerby L, Lundgren D , et al. Morphological and dimensional changes after barrier removal in bone formed beyond the skeletal borders at titanium implants: a kinetic study in the rabbit tibia. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8 : 103-6. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Hutmacher D 11 667 1996 Hutmacher D, Hurzeler MB, Schliephake H. A review of material properties of biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers and devices for GTR and GBR applications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996; 11 : 667-78. J Periodontol Simon BI 71 1774 2000 Simon BI, Von Hagen S, Deasy MJ , et al. Changes in alveolar bone height and width following ridge augmentation using bone graft and membranes. J Periodontol 2000; 71 : 1774-91. Biomaterials Piattelli A 19 889 1998 Piattelli A, Scarano A, Coraggio F , et al. Early tissue reactions to polylactic acid resorbable membranes: a histological and histochemical study in rabbit. Biomaterials 1998; 19 : 889-96. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants von Arx T 20 843 2005 von Arx T, Broggini N, Jensen SS , et al. Membrane durability and tissue response of different bioresorbable barrier membranes: a histologic study in the rabbit calvarium. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005; 20 : 843-53. Clin Oral Implants Res Simion M 8 23 1997 Simion M, Maglione M, Iamoni F , et al. Bacterial penetration through Resolut resorbable membrane in vitro: an histological and scanning electron microscopic study. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8 : 23-31. Quint Int Wang HL 32 504 2001 Wang HL, Carroll MJ. Guided bone regeneration using bone grafts and collagen membranes. Quint Int 2001; 32 : 504-15. Proceed Nat Acad Sci USA. Postlethwaite AE 75 871 1978 Postlethwaite AE, Seyer JM, Kang AH. Chemotactic attraction of human fibroblasts to type I II and III collagens and collagen-derived peptides. Proceed Nat Acad Sci USA 1978; 75 : 871-5. J Periodontol. Locci P 68 857 1997 Locci P, Calvitti M, Belcastro Setal. Phenotype expression of gingival fibroblasts cultured on membranes used in guided tissue regeneration. J Periodontol 1997; 68 : 857-63. Biomaterials. Schlegel AK 18 535 1997 Schlegel AK, Mohler H, Busch Fetal. Preclinical and clinical studies of a collagen membrane (Bio-Gide). Biomaterials 1997; 18 : 535-8. Clin Oral Implants Res. Rothamel D 15 443 2004 Rothamel D, Schwarz F, Sculean Aetal. Biocompatibility of various collagen membranes in cultures of human PDL fibroblasts and human osteoblast-like cells. Clin Oral Implants Res 2004; 15 : 443-9. J Periodont Res. Pitaru S 24 247 1989 Pitaru S, Tal H, Soldinger Metal. Collagen membranes prevent apical migration of epithelium and support new connective tissue attachment during periodontal wound healing in dogs. J Periodont Res 1989; 24 : 247-53. J Clin Periodontol. Miller N 23 1051 1996 Miller N, Penaud J, Foliguet Betal. Resorption rates of 2 commercially available bioresorbable membranes a histomorphometric study in a rabbit model. J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23 : 1051-9. Implant Dent. Owens KW 10 49 2001 Owens KW, Yukna RA. Collagen membrane resorption in dogs a comparative study. Implant Dent 2001; 10 : 49-58. Clin Oral Implants Res. von Arx T 17 359 2006 von Arx T, Buser D. Horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous block grafts and the guided bone regeneration technique with collagen membranes a clinical study with 42 patients. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006; 17 : 359-66. Clin Oral Implants Res. Rothamel D 16 369 2005 Rothamel D, Schwarz F, Sager Metal. Biodegradation of differently cross-linked collagen membranes an experimental study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005; 16 : 369-78. Clin Oral Implants Res. Schwarz F 17 403 2006 Schwarz F, Rothamel D, Herten Metal. Angiogenesis pattern of native and cross-linked collagen membranes an immunohisto-chemical study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006; 17 : 403-9. Implant Dent. Colangelo P 2 101 1993 Colangelo P, Piattelli A, Barrucci S , et al. Bone regeneration guided by resorbable collagen membranes in rabbits a pilot study. Implant Dent 1993; 2 : 101-5. J Periodontol Chung KM 61 732 1990 Chung KM, Salkin LM, Stein MDetal. Clinical evaluation of a biodegradable collagen membrane in guided tissue regeneration. J Periodontol 1990; 61 : 732-6. J Periodontol Blumenthal N 61 319 1990 Blumenthal N, Steinberg J. The use of collagen membrane barriers in conjunction with combined demineralized bone-collagen gel implants in human infrabony defects. J Periodontol 1990; 61 : 319-27. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Paul BF 12 123 1992 Paul BF, Mellonig JT, Towle HJ 3rd , et al. Use of a collagen barrier to enhance healing in human periodontal furcation defects. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1992; 12 : 123-31. J Periodontol Van Swol RL 64 622 1993 Van Swol RL, Ellinger R, Pfeifer J , et al. Collagen membrane barrier therapy to guide regeneration in Class II furcations in humans. J Periodontol 1993; 64 : 622-9. J Periodontol Blumenthal NM 64 925 1993 Blumenthal NM. A clinical comparison of collagen membranes with e-PTFE membranes in the treatment of human mandibular buccal class II furcation defects. J Periodontol 1993; 64 : 925-33. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Sevor JJ 13 71 1993 Sevor JJ, Meffert RM, Cassingham RJ. Regeneration of dehisced alveolar bone adjacent to endosseous dental implants utilizing a resorbable collagen membrane: clinical and histologic results. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1993; 13 : 71-83. Clin Oral Implants Res Lundgren AK 8 82 1997 Lundgren AK, Sennerby L, Lundgren D , et al. Bone augmentation at titanium implants using autologous bone grafts and a bioresorbable barrier: an experimental study in the rabbit tibia. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8 : 82-9. Clin Oral Implants Res Lundgren AK 8 90 1997 Lundgren AK, Lundgren D, Sennerby L , et al. Augmentation of skull bone using a bioresorbable barrier supported by autologous bone grafts: an intra-individual study in the rabbit. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8 : 90-5. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Simion M 12 159 1997 Simion M, Misitano U, Gionso L , et al. Treatment of dehiscences and fenestrations around dental implants using resorbable and nonresorbable membranes associated with bone autografts: a comparative clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997; 12 : 159-67. Clin Oral Implants Res Donos N 13 203 2002 Donos N, Kostopoulos L, Karring T. Alveolar ridge augmentation using a resorbable copolymer membrane and autogenous bone grafts: an experimental study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 2002; 13 : 203-13. Compend Cont Edue Dent 404 406 passim quiz Wang HL 21 399 2000 Wang HL, Carroll WJ. Using absorbable collagen membranes for guided tissue regeneration. guided bone regeneraion.and to treat gingival recession. 414 Compend Cont Edue Dent 404 406 passim quiz 2000; 21 : 399-402. Clin Oral Implants Res Lang NP 5 92 1994 Lang NP, Hammerle CH, Bragger U , et al. Guided tissue regeneration in jawbone defects prior to implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994; 5 : 92-7. Quint Int Buser D 25 679 1994 Buser D, Weber HP, Bragger U , et al. Tissue integration of one-stage implants: three-year results of a prospective longitudinal study with hollow cylinder and hollow screw implants. Quint Int 1994; 25 : 679-86. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent: PPAD quiz 32 Jovanovic SA 9 41 1997 Jovanovic SA. Bone rehabilitation to achieve optimal aesthetics. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent: PPAD quiz 32 1997; 9 : 41-51. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent Simion M 18 8 1998 Simion M, Jovanovic SA, Trisi P , et al. Vertical ridge augmentation around dental implants using a membrane technique and autogenous bone or allografts in humans. Int J Periodont Restorat Dent 1998; 18 : 8-23. J Prosthetic Dent El-Askary AS 83 153 2000 El-Askary AS, Pipco DJ. Autogenous and allogenous bone grafting techniques to maximize esthetics: a clinical report. J Prosthetic Dent 2000; 83 : 153-7. Clin Oral Implants Res Lundgren AK 11 99 2000 Lundgren AK, Lundgren D, Hammerle CH , et al. Influence of decortication of the donor bone on guided bone augmentation: an experimental study in the rabbit skull bone. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000; 11 : 99-106. Clin Oral Implants Res Schmid J 8 244 1997 Schmid J, Wallkamm B, Hammerle CH , et al. The significance of angiogenesis in guided bone regeneration: a case report of a rabbit experiment. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8 : 244-8. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg Alberius P 30 257 1996 Alberius P, Gordh M, Lindberg L , et al. Onlay bone graft behaviour after marrow exposure of the recipient rat skull bone. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1996; 30 : 257-66. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Gordh M 117 664 1997 Gordh M, Alberius P, Lindberg L , et al. Bone graft incorporation after cortical perforations of the host bed. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117 : 664-70. Eur J Oral Sci Alberius P 104 554 1996 Alberius P, Gordh M, Lindberg L , et al. Effect of cortical perforations of both graft and host bed on onlay incorporation to the rat skull. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104 : 554-61. J Periodontol Greenstein G 80 175 2009 Greenstein G, Greenstein B, Cavallaro J , et al. The role of bone decortication in enhancing the results of guided bone regeneration: a literature review. J Periodontol 2009; 80 : 175-89. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants de Carvalho PS 15 565 2000 de Carvalho PS, Vasconcellos LW, Pi J. Influence of bed preparation on the incorporation of autogenous bone grafts: a study in dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000; 15 : 565-70. Oral Maxillofac Surg Adeyemo WL 12 19 2008 Adeyemo WL, Reuther T, Bloch W , et al. Influence of host periosteum and recipient bed perforation on the healing of onlay mandibular bone graft: an experimental pilot study in the sheep. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 12 : 19-28. Clin Orthop Relat Res Delloye C 396 240 2002 Delloye C, Simon P, Nyssen-Behets C , et al. Perforations of cortical bone allografts improve their incorporation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002; 396 : 240-7. Eur Spine J Canto FR 17 706 2008 Canto FR, Garcia SB, Issa JP , et al. Influence of decortication of the recipient graft bed on graft integration and tissue neoformation in the graft-recipient bed interface. Eur Spine J 2008; 17 : 706-14. Radiograhic.histologic., and biomechanical healing characteristics. Boden SD 20 412 1995 Boden SD, Schimandle JH, Hutton WC. An experimental lumbar intertransverse process spinal fusion model. Radiograhichistologic, and biomechanical healing characteristics 1995; 20 : 412-20. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Huebsch RF 23 236 1967 Huebsch RF, Wellington JS. Osseous healing in dog mandibles with and without decortication. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1967; 23 : 236-40. J Periodontol Majzoub Z 70 1501 1999 Majzoub Z, Berengo M, Giardino R , et al. Role of intramarrow penetration in osseous repair: a pilot study in the rabbit calvaria. J Periodontol 1999; 70 : 1501-0. J Periodontol Min S 78 1978 2007 Min S, Sato S, Murai M , et al. Effects of marrow penetration on bone augmentation within a titanium cap in rabbit calvarium. J Periodontol 2007; 78 : 1978-84. Clin Oral Implants Res Rompen EH 10 85 1999 Rompen EH, Biewer R, Vanheusden A , et al. The influence of cortical perforations and of space filling with peripheral blood on the kinetics of guided bone generation: a comparative histometric study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 1999; 10 : 85-94. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res Slotte C 4 1 2002 Slotte C, Lundgren D. Impact of cortical perforations of contiguous donor bone in a guided bone augmentation procedure: an experimental study in the rabbit skull. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2002; 4 : 1-10. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants Barbosa DZ 24 463 2009 Barbosa DZ, de Assis WF, Shirato FB , et al. Autogenous bone graft with or without perforation of the receptor bed: histologic study in rabbit calvaria. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009; 24 : 463-8. Clin Oral Implants Res Lundgren D 6 67 1995 Lundgren D, Lundgren AK, Sennerby L , et al. Augmentation of intramembraneous bone beyond the skeletal envelope using an occlusive titanium barrier: an experimental study in the rabbit. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995; 6 : 67-72. Clin Oral Implants Res Kostopoulos L 5 245 1994 Kostopoulos L, Karring T, Uraguchi R. Formation of jawbone tuberosities by guided tissue regeneration: an experimental study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994; 5 : 245-53. Clin Oral Implants Res Lioubavina N 10 477 1999 Lioubavina N, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A , et al. Long-term stability of jaw bone tuberosities formed by "guided tissue regeneration". Clin Oral Implants Res 1999; 10 : 477-86. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod Dongieux JW 86 145 1998 Dongieux JW, Block MS, Morris G , et al. The effect of different membranes on onlay bone graft success in the dog mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 86 : 145-51. Clin Oral Implants Res Nishimura I 15 293 2004 Nishimura I, Shimizu Y, Ooya K. Effects of cortical bone perforation on experimental guided bone regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 2004; 15 : 293-300.