TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-6-46 1553505317 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 2 6 2012 6 1 Marco Montevecchi Vittorio Checchi Maria Rosaria Gatto Sascha Klein Luigi Checchi A total removal of the bacterial deposits is one of the main challenges of periodontal therapy. A surgical approach is sometimes required in order to allow a correct access to the areas not thoroughly reached during the initial therapy. The present study focuses on the surgical scaling effectiveness in root deposits removal; the potential support of a disclosing agent during this procedure is also evaluated. Forty surgical periodontal patients were randomly divided between surgeries where the operator was informed about a final examination of the residual root deposits and surgeries where the operator was not informed. Straight after scaling procedures a supervisor recorded the O’Leary Plaque Index of the exposed roots by mean of a disclosing agent and the percentage of teeth with residual biofilm. After the stained deposits removal, a second chromatic examination was performed and new data were collected. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test for paired samples were used for comparisons respectively between the two surgery groups and the first and the second chromatic examination; one-sided p-value was set at 0.05. At first examination no significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding Plaque Index (p=0.24) and percentages of teeth with residual biofilm (p=0.07). The 100% removal of roots deposits was never achieved during the study but a significant reduction of 80% of root deposits was observed between first and second examination (p=0.0001). Since root deposits removal during periodontal surgery resulted always suboptimal, the use of a disclosing agent during this procedure could be a useful and practical aid. 2 6 2012 46 50 TODENTJ-6-46 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2011-11-09 2011-12-30 2011-12-31 2012-2-6 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 10.2174/1874210601206010046 1553505317 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/6/PAGE/46/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-46/TODENTJ-6-46.xml J Periodontol Anderson GB 67 367 1996 Anderson GB, Palmer JA, Bye FL, Smith BA, Caffesse RG. Effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing: single versus multiple episodes of instrumentation J Periodontol 1996; 67 : 367-73. J Periodontol Greenstein G 63 118 1992 Greenstein G. Periodontal response to mechanical and non-surgical therapy: a review J Periodontol 1992; 63 : 118-30. J Periodontol Otero-Cagide FJ 68 1093 1997 Otero-Cagide FJ, Long BA. Comparative in vitro effectiveness of closed root debridement with fine instruments on specific areas of mandibular first molar furcations. I. root trunk and furcation entrance J Periodontol 1997; 68 : 1093-7. J Periodontol Otero-Cagide FJ 68 1098 1997 Otero-Cagide FJ, Long BA. Comparative in vitro effectiveness of closed root debridement with fine instruments on specific areas of mandibular first molar furcations. II. furcation area J Periodontol 1997; 68 : 1098-1. J Clin Periodontol Barendregt DS 35 31 2008 Barendregt DS, Van der Velden U, Timmerman MF, Van der Weijden F. Penetration depths with an ultrasonic mini insert compared with a conventional curette in patients with periodontitis and in periodontal maintenance J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35 : 31-6. Int J Dent Hyg Arabaci T 5 2 2007 Arabaci T, Ciçek Y, Canakçi CF. Sonic and ultrasonic scalers in periodontal treatment: a review Int J Dent Hyg 2007; 5 : 2-12. BMC Med Res Methodol McCarney R 3 30 2007 McCarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, van Haselen R, Griffin M, Fisher P. The hawthorne effect: a randomised, controlled trial BMC Med Res Methodol 2007; 3 (7) : 30. Ann of Periodontol 1 1 1996 World workshop in periodontics 1996. Chicago: American academy of periodontology Ann of Periodontol 1996; 1 : 1-947. Int J Dent Hyg Kasaj A 6 143 2008 Kasaj A, Moschos I, Röhrig B, Willershausen B. The effectiveness of a novel optical probe in subgingival calculus detection Int J Dent Hyg 2008; 6 : 143-7. J Peridontol Michaud RM 78 2238 2007 Michaud RM, Schoolfield J, Mellonig JT, Mealey BL. The efficacy of subgingival calculus removal with endoscopy aided scaling and root planing: a study on multirooted teeth J Peridontol 2007; 78 : 2238-45. J Clin Periodontol Checchi L 24 715 1997 Checchi L, Forteleoni G, Pelliccioni GA, Loriga G. Plaque removal with variable instrumentation J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24 : 715-. J Periodontol O'Leary TJ 43 38 1972 O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record J Periodontol 1972; 43 : 38. Daniel WW, Naples , Eds. Edi Ses: Biostatistica 1996. J Periodontol Robertson PB 61 65 1990 Robertson PB. The residual calculus paradox J Periodontol 1990; 61 : 65-. J Clin Periodontol Scapoli C 34 1031 2007 Scapoli C, Mamolini E, Trombelli L. Role of IL-6, TNF-A and LT-A variants in the modulation of the clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34 : 1031-8. J Periodontol Gallagher IH 48 395 1997 Gallagher IH, Fussell SJ, Cutress TW. Mechanism of action of a two-tone plaque disclosing agent J Periodontol 1997; 48 : 395-6. Clin Prev Dent Kipioti A 6 9 1984 Kipioti A, Tsamis A, Mitsis F. Disclosing agents in plaque control. evaluation of their role during periodontal treatment Clin Prev Dent 1984; 6 : 9-13. Nippon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi Fujikawa K 25 399 1983 Fujikawa K, Sugai K, Suzuki K, Haruta K, Okada A, Murai S. A comparison of the effect of various plaque disclosing materials on plaque accumulation (in Japanese) Nippon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi 1983; 25 : 399-404. Stomatol DDR Schneider HG 31 904 1981 Schneider HG, Friedlander B, Richter CH, Unger E, Ziesenitz S, Bendrien S. Experience with plaque-disclosing agents (in German) Stomatol DDR 1981; 31 : 904-. J Clin Periodontol Tan AE 7 140 1980 Tan AE, Wade AB. The role of visual feedback by a disclosing agent in plaque control J Clin Periodontol 1980; 7 : 140-8. J Periodontol Cohen DW 43 333 1972 Cohen DW, Stoller NH, Chace R, Laster L. A comparison of bacterial plaque disclosants in periodontal disease J Periodontol 1972; 43 : 333-8. Food Chem Toxicol Seno M 22 55 1984 Seno M, Fukuda S, Umisa H. A teratogenicity study of Phloxine B in ICR mice Food Chem Toxicol 1984; 22 : 55-6. Periodontol 2000 Polimeni G 41 30 2006 Polimeni G, Xiropaidis AV, Wikejö UM. Biology and principles of periodontal wound healing/regeneration Periodontol 2000 2006; 41 : 30-47.