Remineralization of Eroded Enamel Lesions by Simulated Saliva In Vitro

TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-6-170 1553505386 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 10 19 2012 6 1 Remineralization of Eroded Enamel Lesions by Simulated Saliva In Vitro Robert L Karlinsey Allen C Mackey Douglas D Blanken Craig S Schwandt Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two simulated saliva (SS) remineralization solutions comprising different calcium-inorganic phosphate (Ca/Pi) ratios on eroded enamel. Methods: 3 mm diameter enamel cores were extracted from bovine teeth, mounted in acrylic rods, ground and polished,and initially demineralized with either 0.3% (120 minutes) or 1.0% (30 minutes) citric acid solutions (pH 3.8). Both sets of initially eroded specimens were evaluated for surface microhardness (N=10) and treated with either 0.3 or 1.6 Ca/Pi ratio SS. Groups were first exposed to a seven-day remineralization period and then were cycled in a three-day regimen consisting daily of three rounds of two-hour plus overnight SS treatments and three 10-minute static immersions in demineralization solution. Specimens were assessed using surface microhardness and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Initial erosion from 0.3% citric acid led to elliptical-shaped pore openings several microns in length and in depth and contrasted significantly with respect to 1% citric acid. The greatest remineralization was observed from the 0.3 Ca/Pi SS, while the 1.6 Ca/Pi SS produced the least. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the nature of remineralization of eroded enamel depends on both initial erosive conditions and the Ca/Pi ratio of simulated saliva. 10 19 2012 170 176 TODENTJ-6-170 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2012-7-26 2012-9-02 2012-9-20 2012-10-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 10.2174/1874210601206010170 1553505386 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/6/PAGE/170/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V6/TODENTJ-6-170/TODENTJ-6-170.xml Caries Res Huysmans MCDNJM 45 60 2011 Huysmans MCDNJM, Chew HP, Ellwood RP. Clinical studies of dental erosion and erosive wear Caries Res 2011; 45 : 60-8. Int Dent J Zero DT 55 285 2005 Zero DT, Lussi AA. Erosion - chemical and biological factors of importance to the dental practitioner Int Dent J 2005; 55 : 285-90. Caries Res West NX 45 43 2011 West NX, Davies M, Amaechi BT. In vitro and in situ erosion models for evaluating tooth substance loss Caries Res 2011; 45 : 43-52. Caries Res Young A 45 33 2011 Young A, Tenuta LMA. Initial erosion models Caries Res 2011; 45 : 33-42. J Dent Oral Hyg Karlinsey RL 1 52 2009 Karlinsey RL, Mackey AC, Walker ER, Frederick KE, Fowler C. In vitro evaluation of eroded enamel treated with fluoride and a prospective tricalcium phosphate agent J Dent Oral Hyg 2009; 1 : 52-8. Clin Cosmet Invest Dent Amaechi BT 2 93 2010 Amaechi BT, Karthikeyan R, Mensinkai PK, Najibfard K, Mackey AC, Karlinsey RL. Remineralization of eroded enamel by a NaF rinse containing a novel calcium phosphate agent in an in situ model: a pilot study Clin Cosmet Invest Dent 2010; 2 : 93-100. Caries Res Jensdottir T 41 68 2007 Jensdottir T, Nauntofte B, Buchwald C, Bardow A. Effect of calcium on the erosive potential of acidic candies in saliva Caries Res 2007; 41 : 68-73. Caries Res Lagerweij MD 40 148 2006 Lagerweij MD, Buchalla W, Kohnke W, Becker K, Lennon AM, Attin T. Prevention of erosion and abrasion by a high fluoride concentration gel applied at high frequencies Caries Res 2006; 40 : 148-53. Eur J Oral Sci Hara AT 116 60 2008 Hara AT, Zero DT. Analysis of the erosive potential of calciumcontaining acidic beverages Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116 : 60-5. Caries Res Lussi A 27 387 1993 Lussi A, Jaggi T, Scharer S. The influence of different factors on in vitro enamel erosion Caries Res 1993; 27 : 387-93. Caries Res Collys K 27 15 1993 Collys K, Cleymaet R, Coomans D, Michotte Y, Slop D. Rehardening of surface softened and surface etched enamel in vitro and by intraoral exposure Caries Res 1993; 27 : 15-20. Arch Oral Biol Yu H 55 702 2010 Yu H, Wegehaupt FJ, Zaruba M, et al. Erosion-inhibiting potential of a stannous chloride-containing fluoride solution under acid flow conditions in vitro Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55 : 702-5. Arch Oral Biol Mathews MS 57 525 2012 Mathews MS, Amaechi BT, Ramalingam K, et al. In situ remineralisation of eroded enamel lesions by NaF rinses Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57 : 525-30. J Dent Res Ganss C 89 1214 2010 Ganss C, Neutard L, von Hinckeldey J, Klimek J, Schlueter N. Efficacy of a tin/fluoride rinse: a randomized in situ trial on erosion J Dent Res 2010; 89 : 1214-8. Caries Res Hara AT 42 51 2008 Hara AT, Karlinsey RL, Zero DT. Dentine remineralisation by simulated saliva formulations with different Ca and Pi contents Caries Res 2008; 42 : 51-6. Arch Oral Biol Tschoppe P 54 810 2009 Tschoppe P, Kielbassa AM, Meyer-Lueckel H. Evaluation of the remineralising capacities of modified saliva substitutes in vitro Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54 : 810-6. J Dent Amaechi BT 29 371 2001 Amaechi BT, Higham SM. In vitro remineralization of eroded enamel lesions by saliva J Dent 2001; 29 : 371-6. Caries Res Wetton S 40 213 2006 Wetton S, Hughes J, West N, Addy M. Exposure time of enamel and dentine to saliva for protection against erosion: a study in vitro Caries Res 2006; 40 : 213-7. Arch Oral Biol Hannig M 49 903 2004 Hannig M, Fiebiger M, Guntzer M, Dobert A, Zimehl R, Nekrashevych Y. Protective effect of the in situ formed short-term salivary pellicle Arch Oral Biol 2004; 49 : 903-10. Nature Koulorides T 189 226 1961 Koulorides T, Cueto H, Pigman W. Rehardening of softened enamel surfaces of human teeth by solutions of calcium phosphates Nature 1961; 189 : 226-7. Jenkins G. The physiology and biochemistry of the mouth. 4th. Oxford England: Blackwell 1978. J Dent Oral Hyg Karlinsey RL 3 22 2011 Karlinsey RL, Mackey AC, Walker TJ, et al. In vitro remineralization of human and bovine white-spot enamel lesion by NaF dentifrices: a pilot study J Dent Oral Hyg 2011; 3 : 22-9. Appl Spectrosc Rev Bachmann L 38 1 2003 Bachmann L, Diebolder R, Hibst R, Zezell DM. Infrared absorption bands of enamel and dentin tissues from human and bovine teeth Appl Spectrosc Rev 2003; 38 : 1-14. J Biol Buccale Arends J 6 161 1978 Arends J, Jongebloed WL. Crystallite dimensions of enamel J Biol Buccale 1978; 6 : 161-71. Arch Oral Biol Fonseca RB 53 1023 2008 Fonseca RB, Haiter-Neto F, Carlo HL, et al. Radiodensity and hardness of enamel and dentin of human and bovine teeth, varying bovine teeth age Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53 : 1023-9. Calcif Tissue Res Spitzer D 7 129 1975 Spitzer D, ten Bosch JJ. The absorption and scattering of light in bovine and human dental enamel Calcif Tissue Res 1975; 7 : 129-37. J Dent Res Nancollas GH 55 617 1976 Nancollas GH, Wefel JS. Seeded growth of calcium phosphates: effect of different calcium phosphate seed material J Dent Res 1976; 55 : 617-24. Caries Res Eisenburger M 38 67 2004 Eisenburger M, Shellis RP, Addy M. Scanning electron microscopy of softened enamel Caries Res 2004; 38 : 67-74. J Oral Rehabil Gedalia I 8 501 1991 Gedalia I, Ionat-Bendat D, Ben-Mosheh S, Shapira L. Tooth enamel softening with a cola type drink and rehardnening with the hard cheese or stimulated saliva in situ J Oral Rehabil 1991; 8 : 501-6. J Oral Rehabil West NX 27 875 2000 West NX, Hughes JA, Addy M. Erosion of dentine and enamel in vitro by dietary acids: the effect of temperature, acid character, concentration and exposure time J Oral Rehabil 2000; 27 : 875-0. J Dent Hughes JA 28 47 2000 Hughes JA, West NX, Parker DM, van den Braak MH, Addy M. Effects of pH and concentration of citric, malic and lactic acids on enamel, in vitro J Dent 2000; 28 : 47-52. Caries Res Lussi A 38 34 2004 Lussi A, Jaeggi T, Zero D. The role of diet in the aetiology of dental erosion Caries Res 2004; 38 : 34-44. Caries Res Meurman JH 25 81 1991 Meurman JH, Frank RM. Progression and surface ultrastructure of in vitro caused erosive lesions in human and bovine enamel Caries Res 1991; 25 : 81-7. J Phys Chem Nancollas GH 78 2218 1974 Nancollas GH, Tomazic B. Growth of calcium phosphate on hydroxyapatite crystals. Effect of supersaturation and ionic medium J Phys Chem 1974; 78 : 2218-5. Calcif Tissue Res Aoba T 47 356 1990 Aoba T, Moreno EC. Changes in the nature and composition of enamel mineral during porcine amelogenesis Calcif Tissue Res 1990; 47 : 356-64. Pauling L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd. NY: Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1960. Acta Crystallogr Chiari G B46 717 1990 Chiari G. On metal-oxygen coordination: a statistical method to determine coordination number. I. Calcium Acta Crystallogr 1990; B46 : 717-23. J Am Chem Soc Katz AM 118 5752 1996 Katz AM, Glusker JP, Beebe SA, Bock CW. Calcium ion coordination: a comparison with that of beryllium magnesium and zinc," J Am Chem Soc 1996; 118 : 5752-63.