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        <full_title>The Open Dentistry Journal</full_title>
        <abbrev_title>TODENTJ</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1874-2106</issn>
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          <month>9</month>
          <day>20</day>
          <year>2012</year>
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          <volume>6</volume>
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        <titles>
          <title>A Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of a Light Emitting Diode 
System on Tooth Bleaching
</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first">
            <given_name>Roche </given_name>
            <surname>Hayward</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Yusuf </given_name>
            <surname>Osman </surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Sias R</given_name>
            <surname>Grobler</surname>
          </person_name>
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        <jats:abstract>
                <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) System (BriteWhite) on tooth bleaching. <jats:italic>Method:</jats:italic> eeth 11 and 21 of twenty one subjects were treated in the chair with a LED light and 44% carbamide peroxide gel, followed by an at-home treatment period of 14 days with 35% carbamide peroxide. The color of the teeth was measured with a spectrophotometer (L*; a*; b*) before treatment (control) and after the above mentioned two stages. The subjects were also instructed to note tooth and gingival sensitivity. <jats:italic>Results:</jats:italic> For the L* component a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between base-line and directly after the LED treatment stage (whiter) was found and a complete relapse was found after the 14 day at-home treatment period. The b* component showed statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05) between base-line and the LED stage (less yellow more blue), with a further significant color improvement after the 14 day treatment period. For the a* component (green to red) no statistically significant change was (p&gt;0.05) found throughout the study (Wilcox on Signed Rank Sum Test). A major color change of 1.8 units (ΔE<jats:sub>ab</jats:sub>) was found after the LED treatment stage with only a further small 0.2 unit improvement after the 14 day at-home treatment stage. Tooth and gingival sensitivity scores were low (below mild) throughout the treatment stages. <jats:italic>Conclusion</jats:italic>: A major tooth color increase was found after the in-office LED/gel treatment stage and only an insignificant further improvement was noted after the additional 14 day at-home treatment period. Only low tooth and gingival sensitivity scores were found. A slight increase in both the sensitivity and gingival scores after the LED/gel activated stage could be observed. Overall the total color increase was low.</jats:p>
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