TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-12-664 1553507496 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 09 28 2018 12 1 Aminah M. El Mourad Background: The rapid developments in the field of adhesive dental materials have led to improvements in many aspects of clinical dentistry. Adhesive bond strength plays an important role in determining the clinical performance and longevity of dental restorations. Nevertheless, bond strength tests have never been well-standardized, although a number of important recommendations have been made. Objective: The aim of this paper is to critically review the validity of different bond strength testing methods for assessment of bonding effectiveness of adhesive materials to tooth structure and discuss factors that may affect bond strength measurement. Data Collection: Relevant literature published between 1983 and 2018 was collected and reviewed from the PubMed database and Google scholar resources. Review Results: Results of the current bond testing methods should be used to compare materials tested under the same laboratory settings, but they shouldn’t be used to make direct inferences on their clinical behaviour. Shear and micro-shear tests, result in non-uniform stress distribution, stress concentration at the substrate area, and predominantly tensile stresses rather than shear stresses. Micro-tensile bond tests provide many advantages over the shear tests, although these methods are technique sensitive and labour intensive. Conclusion: Bond strength testing methods should be well-standardized, but there are many factors that cannot be fully controlled which leads to variation and misinterpretation of the data about the bonding abilities of adhesives. Clinical Significance: New adhesive materials should be subjected to a combination of testing protocols to properly assess their bonding effectiveness. 09 28 2018 664 678 TODENTJ-12-664 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2018-6-4 2018-7-30 2018-9-3 2018-09-28 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1745017901814010664 1553507496 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/664/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-664/TODENTJ-12-664.xml Int. Dent. J. Oilo G. 43 492 1993 Oilo G. Bond strength testing: What does it mean? Int Dent J 1993; 43 (5) : 492-8. Dent. Mater. Van Meerbeek B. 26 e100 2010 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.148 Van Meerbeek B, Peumans M, Poitevin A, et al. Relationship between bond-strength tests and clinical outcomes. Dent Mater 2010; 26 (2) : e100-21. Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent. Burke F.J. 16 158 2008 Burke FJ, Hussain A, Nolan L, Fleming GJ. Methods used in dentine bonding tests: An analysis of 102 investigations on bond strength. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2008; 16 (4) : 158-65. Dent. Mater. Pashley D.H. 11 117 1995 10.1016/0109-5641(95)80046-8 Pashley DH, Sano H, Ciucchi B, Yoshiyama M, Carvalho RM. Adhesion testing of dentin bonding agents: A review. Dent Mater 1995; 11 (2) : 117-25. Biomaterials McDonough W.G. 23 3603 2002 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00089-3 McDonough WG, Antonucci JM, He J, et al. A microshear test to measure bond strengths of dentin-polymer interfaces. Biomaterials 2002; 23 (17) : 3603-8. Dent. Mater. Phrukkanon S. 14 120 1998 10.1016/S0109-5641(98)00018-9 Phrukkanon S, Burrow MF, Tyas MJ. Effect of cross-sectional surface area on bond strengths between resin and dentin. Dent Mater 1998; 14 (2) : 120-8. J. Dent. Res. Tantbirojn D. 79 41 2000 10.1177/00220345000790010601 Tantbirojn D, Cheng YS, Versluis A, Hodges JS, Douglas WH. Nominal shear or fracture mechanics in the assessment of composite-dentin adhesion? J Dent Res 2000; 79 (1) : 41-8. J. Dent. Res. Della B.A. 74 1591 1995 10.1177/00220345950740091401 Della BA, van Noort R. Shear vs. tensile bond strength of resin composite bonded to ceramic. J Dent Res 1995; 74 (9) : 1591-6. Dent. Mater. Hu M. 32 223 2016 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.023 Hu M, Weiger R, Fischer J. Comparison of two test designs for evaluating the shear bond strength of resin composite cements. Dent Mater 2016; 32 (2) : 223-32. Oper. Dent. Zanatta R.F. 42 E71 2017 10.2341/16-132-L Zanatta RF, Lungova M, Borges AB, Torres C, Sydow HG, Wiegand A. Microleakage and shear bond strength of composite restorations under cycling conditions. Oper Dent 2017; 42 (2) : E71-80. J. Prosthet. Dent. Abreu A. 101 107 2009 10.1016/S0022-3913(09)60004-4 Abreu A, Loza MA, Elias A, Mukhopadhyay S, Looney S, Rueggeberg FA. Tensile bond strength of an adhesive resin cement to different alloys having various surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent 2009; 101 (2) : 107-18. J. Dent. Res. Kern M. 88 817 2009 10.1177/0022034509340881 Kern M, Barloi A, Yang B. Surface conditioning influences zirconia ceramic bonding. J Dent Res 2009; 88 (9) : 817-22. Dent. Mater. Braga R.R. 26 e38 2010 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.150 Braga RR, Meira JB, Boaro LC, Xavier TA. Adhesion to tooth structure: A critical review of “macro” test methods. Dent Mater 2010; 26 (2) : e38-49. J. Adhes. Dent. Libecki W. 19 323 2017 Libecki W, Elsayed A, Lehmann F, Kern M. Efficacy of different surface treatments for intraoral repair of veneered zirconia frameworks. J Adhes Dent 2017; 19 (4) : 323-9. Am. J. Dent. Tsintsadze N. 30 248 2017 Tsintsadze N, Juloski J, Carrabba M, et al. Performance of CAD/CAM fabricated fiber posts in oval-shaped root canals: An in vitro study. Am J Dent 2017; 30 (5) : 248-54. J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospect. Yavari H. 11 43 2017 10.15171/joddd.2017.008 Yavari H, Shahi S, Galledar S, Samiei M, Janani M. Effect of retreatment on the push-out bond strength of MTA-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect 2017; 11 (1) : 43-7. Acta Odontol. Scand. Özcan E. 71 703 2013 10.3109/00016357.2012.715194 Özcan E, Çetin AR, Tunçdemir AR, Ülker M. The effect of luting cement thicknesses on the push-out bond strength of the fiber posts. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71 (3-4) : 703-9. Oper. Dent. Shimada Y. 27 403 2002 Shimada Y, Senawongse P, Harnirattisai C, Burrow MF, Nakaoki Y, Tagami J. Bond strength of two adhesive systems to primary and permanent enamel. Oper Dent 2002; 27 (4) : 403-9. J. Conserv. Dent. Sultana N. 21 194 2018 10.4103/JCD.JCD_167_17 Sultana N, Nawal RR, Chaudhry S, Sivakumar M, Talwar S. Effect of acid etching on the micro-shear bond strength of resin composite-calcium silicate interface evaluated over different time intervals of bond aging. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21 (2) : 194-7. J. Prosthet. Dent. Campos R.E. 119 166 2018 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.02.024 Campos RE, Santos Filho PCF, de O Júnior OB, Ambrosano GMB, Pereira CA. Comparative evaluation of 3 microbond strength tests using 4 adhesive systems: Mechanical, finite element, and failure analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 119 (1) : 166-74. Dent. Mater. Armstrong S. 26 e50 2010 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.155 Armstrong S, Geraldeli S, Maia R, Raposo LH, Soares CJ, Yamagawa J. Adhesion to tooth structure: A critical review of “micro” bond strength test methods. Dent Mater 2010; 26 (2) : e50-62. Dent. Mater. Placido E. 23 1086 2007 10.1016/j.dental.2006.10.002 Placido E, Meira JB, Lima RG, Muench A, de Souza RM, Ballester RY. Shear versus micro-shear bond strength test: A finite element stress analysis. Dent Mater 2007; 23 (9) : 1086-92. Eur. J. Dent. El Wakeel A.M. 9 176 2015 10.4103/1305-7456.156799 El Wakeel AM, Elkassas DW, Yousry MM. Bonding of contemporary glass ionomer cements to different tooth substrates; microshear bond strength and scanning electron microscope study. Eur J Dent 2015; 9 (2) : 176-82. Dent. Mater. Sano H. 10 236 1994 10.1016/0109-5641(94)90067-1 Sano H, Shono T, Sonoda H, et al. Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength: Evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test. Dent Mater 1994; 10 (4) : 236-40. Braz. Dent. J. Sinhoreti M.A.C. 28 474 2017 10.1590/0103-6440201701541 Sinhoreti MAC, Soares EF, Abuna GF, Correr L, Roulet JF, Geraldeli S. Microtensile bond strength of adhesive systems in different dentin regions on a class ii cavity configuration. Braz Dent J 2017; 28 (4) : 474-81. J. Conserv. Dent. Mallick R. 18 379 2015 10.4103/0972-0707.164036 Mallick R, Sarangi P, Mohanty S, Behera S, Nanda S, Satapathy SK. Micro-tensile bond strength of different adhesive systems on sound dentin and resin-based composite: An in-vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18 (5) : 379-83. J. Adhes. Dent. Pashley D.H. 1 299 1999 Pashley DH, Carvalho RM, Sano H, et al. The microtensile bond test: A review. J Adhes Dent 1999; 1 (4) : 299-309. J. Adhes. Dent. Dikmen B. 17 499 2015 Dikmen B, Gurbuz O, Ozsoy A, Eren MM, Cilingir A, Yucel T. Effect of different antioxidants on the microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin. J Adhes Dent 2015; 17 (6) : 499-504. J. Dent. Neves Ade.A. 36 808 2008 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.05.018 Neves AdeA, Coutinho E, Cardoso MV, et al. Influence of notch geometry and interface on stress concentration and distribution in micro-tensile bond strength specimens. J Dent 2008; 36 (10) : 808-15. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. Sadek F.T. 78 7 2006 10.1002/jbm.b.30447 Sadek FT, Monticelli F, Muench A, Ferrari M, Cardoso PE. A novel method to obtain microtensile specimens minimizing cut flaws. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006; 78 (1) : 7-14. J. Adhes. Dent. Inoue S. 3 237 2001 Inoue S, Vargas MA, Abe Y, et al. Microtensile bond strength of eleven contemporary adhesives to dentin. J Adhes Dent 2001; 3 (3) : 237-45. Dent. Mater. Raposo L.H. 28 e50 2012 10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.010 Raposo LH, Armstrong SR, Maia RR, Qian F, Geraldeli S, Soares CJ. Effect of specimen gripping device, geometry and fixation method on microtensile bond strength, failure mode and stress distribution: Laboratory and finite element analyses. Dent Mater 2012; 28 (5) : e50-62. Clin. Oral Investig. Matsumoto M. 21 309 2017 10.1007/s00784-016-1792-5 Matsumoto M, Mine A, Miura J, et al. Bonding effectiveness and multi-interfacial characterization of two direct buildup resin core systems bonded to post-space dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21 (1) : 309-17. Iran. Endod. J. Carvalho C.N. 12 343 2017 Carvalho CN, Grazziotin-Soares R, de Miranda Candeiro GT, et al. Micro push-out bond strength and bioactivity analysis of a bioceramic root canal sealer. Iran Endod J 2017; 12 (3) : 343-8. Indian J. Dent. Res. Ranjithkumar S. 23 484 2012 10.4103/0970-9290.104954 Ranjithkumar S, Velmurugan N, Roy A, Hemamalathi S. Comparative evaluation of the regional micro-push-out bond strength of custom-made resin post system with a prefabricated resin post: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2012; 23 (4) : 484-9. J. Adhes. Dent. Castellan C.S. 12 477 2010 Castellan CS, Santos-Filho PC, Soares PV, Soares CJ, Cardoso PE. Measuring bond strength between fiber post and root dentin: A comparison of different tests. J Adhes Dent 2010; 12 (6) : 477-85. Dent. Mater. Staninec M. 24 799 2008 10.1016/j.dental.2007.09.008 Staninec M, Kim P, Marshall GW, Ritchie RO, Marshall SJ. Fatigue of dentin-composite interfaces with four-point bend. Dent Mater 2008; 24 (6) : 799-803. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Ruse N.D. 29 411 1995 10.1002/jbm.820290316 Ruse ND, Shew R, Feduik D. In vitro fatigue testing of a dental bonding system on enamel. J Biomed Mater Res 1995; 29 (3) : 411-5. Dent. Mater. Barkmeier W.W. 25 1527 2009 10.1016/j.dental.2009.07.005 Barkmeier WW, Erickson RL, Latta MA. Fatigue limits of enamel bonds with moist and dry techniques. Dent Mater 2009; 25 (12) : 1527-31. J. Adhes. Dent. De Munck J. 9 373 2007 De Munck J, Arita A, Shirai K, et al. Microrotary fatigue resistance of a HEMA-free all-in-one adhesive bonded to dentin. J Adhes Dent 2007; 9 (4) : 373-9. Dent. Mater. J. Poitevin A. 26 694 2007 10.4012/dmj.26.694 Poitevin A, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, et al. Influence of three specimen fixation modes on the micro-tensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin. Dent Mater J 2007; 26 (5) : 694-9. Dent. Mater. Poitevin A. 26 1068 2010 10.1016/j.dental.2010.07.007 Poitevin A, De Munck J, Cardoso MV, et al. Dynamic versus static bond-strength testing of adhesive interfaces. Dent Mater 2010; 26 (11) : 1068-76. J. Adhes. Dent. Angeloni V. 19 341 2017 Angeloni V, Mazzoni A, Marchesi G, et al. Role of chlorhexidine on long-term bond strength of self-adhesive composite cements to intraradicular dentin. J Adhes Dent 2017; 19 (4) : 341-8. PLoS One Hu L. 10 e0116790 2015 10.1371/journal.pone.0116790 Hu L, Xiao YH, Fang M, et al. Effects of type I collagen degradation on the durability of three adhesive systems in the early phase of dentin bonding. PLoS One 2015; 10 (2) : e0116790. J. Adhes. Dent. Shono Y. 1 211 1999 Shono Y, Terashita M, Shimada J, et al. Durability of resin-dentin bonds. J Adhes Dent 1999; 1 (3) : 211-8. Am. J. Dent. Tay F.R. 16 6 2003 Tay FR, Pashley DH. Water treeing: A potential mechanism for degradation of dentin adhesives. Am J Dent 2003; 16 (1) : 6-12. Oper. Dent. Makishi P. 41 305 2016 10.2341/15-163-L Makishi P, André CB, Ayres A, Martins AL, Giannini M. Effect of storage time on bond strength and nanoleakage expression of universal adhesives bonded to dentin and etched enamel. Oper Dent 2016; 41 (3) : 305-17. Dent. Mater. Soares F.Z.F.A. 32 1385 2016 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.019 Soares FZFA, Follak A, da Rosa LS, Montagner AF, Lenzi TL, Rocha RO. Bovine tooth is a substitute for human tooth on bond strength studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Dent Mater 2016; 32 (11) : 1385-93. PLoS One Tam L.E. 12 e0173480 2017 10.1371/journal.pone.0173480 Tam LE, Kim N, De Souza GM. Effect of tooth whitening strips on fatigue resistance and flexural strength of bovine dentin in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12 (3) : e0173480. J. Dent. Res. Nakamichi I. 62 1076 1983 10.1177/00220345830620101501 Nakamichi I, Iwaku M, Fusayama T. Bovine teeth as possible substitutes in the adhesion test. J Dent Res 1983; 62 (10) : 1076-81. Eur. J. Orthod. Oztürk B. 30 407 2008 10.1093/ejo/cjn006 Oztürk B, Malkoç S, Koyutürk AE, Catalbas B, Ozer F. Influence of different tooth types on the bond strength of two orthodontic adhesive systems. Eur J Orthod 2008; 30 (4) : 407-12. J. Dent. Res. Hevinga M.A. 89 1270 2010 10.1177/0022034510377790 Hevinga MA, Opdam NJ, Frencken JE, Truin GJ, Huysmans MC. Does incomplete caries removal reduce strength of restored teeth? J Dent Res 2010; 89 (11) : 1270-5. Dent. Mater. Pashley E.L. 9 19 1993 10.1016/0109-5641(93)90099-C Pashley EL, Tao L, Matthews WG, Pashley DH. Bond strengths to superficial, intermediate and deep dentin in vivo with four dentin bonding systems. Dent Mater 1993; 9 (1) : 19-22. J. Dent. Res. Yuan Y. 86 1001 2007 10.1177/154405910708601016 Yuan Y, Shimada Y, Ichinose S, Sadr A, Tagami J. Effects of dentin characteristics on interfacial nanoleakage. J Dent Res 2007; 86 (10) : 1001-6. Contemp. Clin. Dent. Samimi P. 7 16 2016 10.4103/0976-237X.177093 Samimi P, Alizadeh M, Shirban F, Davoodi A, Khoroushi M. Effect of dentin dehydration and composite resin polymerization mode on bond strength of two self-etch adhesives. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7 (1) : 16-20. J. Adhes. Dent. Carvalho R.M. 2 251 2000 Carvalho RM, Santiago SL, Fernandes CA, Suh BI, Pashley DH. Effects of prism orientation on tensile strength of enamel. J Adhes Dent 2000; 2 (4) : 251-7. Am. J. Dent. Ikeda T. 15 109 2002 Ikeda T, Uno S, Tanaka T, Kawakami S, Komatsu H, Sano H. Relation of enamel prism orientation to microtensile bond strength. Am J Dent 2002; 15 (2) : 109-13. Oper. Dent. Shimada Y. 28 20 2003 Shimada Y, Tagami J. Effects of regional enamel and prism orientation on resin bonding. Oper Dent 2003; 28 (1) : 20-7. J. Dent. Child. (Chic.) Cehreli Z.C. 70 139 2003 Cehreli ZC, Akça T. Effect of dentinal tubule orientation on the microtensile bond strength to primary dentin. J Dent Child (Chic) 2003; 70 (2) : 139-44. J. Dent. Phrukkanon S. 27 265 1999 10.1016/S0300-5712(98)00060-8 Phrukkanon S, Burrow MF, Tyas MJ. The effect of dentine location and tubule orientation on the bond strengths between resin and dentine. J Dent 1999; 27 (4) : 265-74. PLoS One Flury S. 12 e0169680 2017 10.1371/journal.pone.0169680 Flury S, Peutzfeldt A, Schmidlin PR, Lussi A. Exposed dentin: Influence of cleaning procedures and simulated pulpal pressure on bond strength of a universal adhesive system. PLoS One 2017; 12 (1) : e0169680. J. Dent. Pucci C.R. 66 52 2017 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.010 Pucci CR, Gu LS, Zeng C, Gou YP, Tay FR, Niu LN. Susceptibility of contemporary single-bottle self-etch dentine adhesives to intrinsic water permeation. J Dent 2017; 66 : 52-61. Oper. Dent. de Alexandre R.S. 39 508 2014 10.2341/13-078 de Alexandre RS, Santana VB, Kasaz AC, Arrais CA, Rodrigues JA, Reis AF. Effect of long-term simulated pulpal pressure on the bond strength and nanoleakage of resin-luting agents with different bonding strategies. Oper Dent 2014; 39 (5) : 508-20. J. Adhes. Dent. Cantanhede de Sá R.B. 14 543 2012 Cantanhede de Sá RB, Oliveira Carvalho A, Puppin-Rontani RM, et al. Effects of water storage on bond strength and dentin sealing ability promoted by adhesive systems. J Adhes Dent 2012; 14 (6) : 543-9. J. Dent. Res. De Munck J. 82 136 2003 10.1177/154405910308200212 De Munck J, Van Meerbeek B, Yoshida Y, et al. Four-year water degradation of total-etch adhesives bonded to dentin. J Dent Res 2003; 82 (2) : 136-40. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. Lee J.J.N-M.A. 138 1599 2007 10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0110 Lee JJN-MA, Nettey-Marbell A, Cook A Jr, Pimenta LA, Leonard R, Ritter AV. Using extracted teeth for research: The effect of storage medium and sterilization on dentin bond strengths. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138 (12) : 1599-603. Int. Endod. J. Sim T.P. 34 120 2001 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00357.x Sim TP, Knowles JC, Ng YL, Shelton J, Gulabivala K. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on mechanical properties of dentine and tooth surface strain. Int Endod J 2001; 34 (2) : 120-32. Dent. Mater. J. Tosun G. 26 116 2007 10.4012/dmj.26.116 Tosun G, Sener Y, Sengun A. Effect of storage duration/solution on microshear bond strength of composite to enamel. Dent Mater J 2007; 26 (1) : 116-21. Braz. Oral Res. Santana F.R. 22 352 2008 10.1590/S1806-83242008000400012 Santana FR, Pereira JC, Pereira CA, Fernandes Neto AJ, Soares CJ. Influence of method and period of storage on the microtensile bond strength of indirect composite resin restorations to dentine. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22 (4) : 352-7. Dent. Mater. Sano H. 10 236 1994 10.1016/0109-5641(94)90067-1 Sano H, Shono T, Sonoda H, et al. Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength: Evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test. Dent Mater 1994; 10 (4) : 236-40. Braz. Oral Res. El-Askary F.M. 26 418 2012 10.1590/S1806-83242012005000013 El-Askary FM, Nassif MS, Andrade AM, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effect of surface area and air-drying distance on shear bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26 (5) : 418-23. Dent. Mater. Shono Y. 13 290 1997 10.1016/S0109-5641(97)80098-X Shono Y, Terashita M, Pashley EL, Brewer PD, Pashley DH. Effects of cross-sectional area on resin-enamel tensile bond strength. Dent Mater 1997; 13 (5) : 290-6. J. Int. Oral Health Daneshkazemi A. 7 9 2015 Daneshkazemi A, Davari A, Akbari MJ, Davoudi A, Badrian H. Effects of thermal and mechanical load cycling on the dentin microtensile bond strength of Single Bond-2. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7 (8) : 9-13. Dent. Mater. J. Pitchika V. 37 266 2018 10.4012/dmj.2017-072 Pitchika V, Birlbauer S, Chiang ML, et al. Shear bond strength and microleakage of a new self-etch adhesive pit and fissure sealant. Dent Mater J 2018; 37 (2) : 266-71. Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent. Burke F.J.H.A. 16 158 2008 Burke FJHA, Hussain A, Nolan L, Fleming GJ. Methods used in dentine bonding tests: An analysis of 102 investigations on bond strength. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2008; 16 (4) : 158-65. ISO. Dental materials: Testing of adhesion to tooth structure. Technical specification no. 11405; 2003. Dent Res J (Isfahan) Daneshkazemi A.R. 10 202 2013 10.4103/1735-3327.113344 Daneshkazemi AR, Davari AR, Ataei E, Dastjerdi F, Hajighasemi E. Effects of mechanical and thermal load cycling on micro tensile bond strength of clearfil SE bond to superficial dentin. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 10 (2) : 202-9. Dent. Mater. Mair L. 26 e17 2010 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.154 Mair L, Padipatvuthikul P. Variables related to materials and preparing for bond strength testing irrespective of the test protocol. Dent Mater 2010; 26 (2) : e17-23. J. Adhes. Dent. dos Santos P.H. 7 127 2005 dos Santos PH, Sinhoreti MA, Consani S, Sobrinho LC, Adabo GL, Vaz LG. Effect of cyclic compressive loading on the bond strength of an adhesive system to dentin after collagen removal. J Adhes Dent 2005; 7 (2) : 127-31. Dent. Mater. Arola D. 33 367 2017 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.012 Arola D. Fatigue testing of biomaterials and their interfaces. Dent Mater 2017; 33 (4) : 367-81. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. Orrego S. 105 1978 2017 10.1002/jbm.b.33729 Orrego S, Melo MA, Lee SH, Xu HHK, Arola DD. Fatigue of human dentin by cyclic loading and during oral biofilm challenge. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 105 (7) : 1978-85. Dent Res J (Isfahan) Najafi-Abrandabadi A. 11 636 2014 Najafi-Abrandabadi A, Najafi-Abrandabadi S, Ghasemi A, Kotick PG. Microshear bond strength of composite resins to enamel and porcelain substrates utilizing unfilled versus filled resins. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2014; 11 (6) : 636-44. Oper. Dent. Gomes G.M. 38 555 2013 10.2341/11-494-L Gomes GM, Gomes OM, Reis A, Gomes JC, Loguercio AD, Calixto AL. Effect of operator experience on the outcome of fiber post cementation with different resin cements. Oper Dent 2013; 38 (5) : 555-64. Eur. J. Dent. Furuse A.Y. 12 3 2018 10.4103/ejd.ejd_307_17 Furuse AY, Scotti CK, Llerena-Icochea A, Bombonatti JFS, Haragushiku GA, Gonzaga CC. Influence of light activation of simplified adhesives on the shear bond strength of resin cements to a leucite-reinforced ceramic. Eur J Dent 2018; 12 (1) : 3-6. J. Conserv. Dent. Sood A. 18 214 2015 10.4103/0972-0707.157253 Sood A, Ramarao S, Carounanidy U. Influence of different crosshead speeds on diametral tensile strength of a methacrylate based resin composite: An in-vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18 (3) : 214-7. Dent. Mater. Hara A.T. 17 165 2001 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00060-9 Hara AT, Pimenta LA, Rodrigues AL Jr. Influence of cross-head speed on resin-dentin shear bond strength. Dent Mater 2001; 17 (2) : 165-9. Dent. Mater. Dao Luong M.N.S.Y. 32 862 2016 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.019 Dao Luong MNSY, Shimada Y, Turkistani A, Tagami J, Sumi Y, Sadr A. Fractography of interface after microtensile bond strength test using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Dent Mater 2016; 32 (7) : 862-9. Dent. Mater. Yamaguchi K. 22 420 2006 10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.031 Yamaguchi K, Miyazaki M, Takamizawa T, Tsubota K, Rikuta A. Influence of crosshead speed on micro-tensile bond strength of two-step adhesive systems. Dent Mater 2006; 22 (5) : 420-5. Dent. Mater. J. Montagner A.F. 35 855 2016 10.4012/dmj.2015-395 Montagner AF, Opdam NJ, Ruben JL, Cenci MS, Huysmans MC. Bonding effectiveness of composite-dentin interfaces after mechanical loading with a new device (Rub&Roll). Dent Mater J 2016; 35 (6) : 855-61.