TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-12-647 1553507490 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 09 28 2018 12 1 Riaan Mulder Background: The Powder/Liquid Ratio (PLR) influence, and the literature regarding the handling and physical properties of Glass Ionomer restorative materials (GIC) were investigated. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the PLR variability and magnitude in hand-mix GICs, as dispensed for clinical use. From the recorded individual powder and liquid weights, additional comparisons could be made by pairing the various “extreme” outer observations in relation to the manufacturer’s PLR. Study Design: The materials assessed were Ketac Universal Hand-mix (KUH), Riva Self Cure Hand-mix (RSCH) and Fuji IX GP Hand-mix (FIXH). Twenty scoops of powder were paired with twenty drops of liquid, as would be the case in the clinical scenario. Statistical analysis was completed with the Kruskal Wallis H test, Intraclass Correlation (ICC) and straight line regressions with One-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey HSD Test (p<0.05 was considered significant). Results: The powder and liquid observations indicate a lack of consistency in both the powder and liquid dispersions. The volume remained “one drop” but the weights were much lower than the manufacturer’s recommended drop weight for some observations, due to air in the liquid drop. The Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated significant differences (p=0.0001) between the three materials for the paired PLRs. The One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD Test were used to compare the recommended PLR to the results and the significant differences (p<0.01). Conclusion: The recommended manufacturers’ powder and liquid weights were KUH 0.150/0.05g; RSC 0.165/0.035; FIXH 0.18/0.05, respectively. KUH, FIXH and RSCH liquid had powder and liquid dispersions above the manufacturer’s recommendations. FIXH had the most paired PLR observations within the ±10% range followed by KUH. Extreme powder and liquid combinations could occur in the clinical scenario and these combinations were considered. 09 28 2018 647 654 TODENTJ-12-647 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2018-3-30 2018-7-25 2018-9-13 2018-09-28 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1745017901814010647 1553507490 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/647/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-647/TODENTJ-12-647.xml Biomaterials Fleming G.J. 24 4173 2003 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00301-6 Fleming GJ, Farooq AA, Barralet JE. 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