TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-12-354 1553507377 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 4 30 2018 12 1 Priscila N. Uehara Victor Haruo Matsubara Fernando Igai Newton Sesma Marcio K. Mukai Mauricio G. Araujo Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the survival rate and the marginal bone loss between short implants (≤7 mm) placed in the atrophic area and longer implants placed in the augmented bone area of posterior regions of maxillaries. Methods: Electronic search using three databases was performed up to May 2017 to identify Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) assessing short implants survival with a minimal follow-up of 12 months post-loading. For the meta-analysis, a Risk Difference (RD) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to pool the results of implant failure rate for each treatment group. For the marginal bone changes, Mean Differences (MD) with 95% CI were calculated. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, being included in qualitative and quantitative analyses. The RD between the short implant group and the control group was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.04 to 0.00), I2=0 and Chi2=3.14, indicating a favorable survival rate for short implant, but with no statistical significance (p=0.09). Discussion: For marginal bone loss, the mean difference was -0,13 (95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05), favoring the test group with statistical significance (p=0.002). The studies showed more heterogeneity for bone loss compared to survival rate. Short and longer implants showed similar survival rates after one year of loading, however the marginal bone loss around short implants was lower than in longer implants sites. Conclusion: Placement of implants ≤7 mm of length was found to be a predictable alternative for the rehabilitation of atrophic posterior regions, avoiding all the disadvantages intrinsic to bone augmentation procedures. 4 30 2018 354 365 TODENTJ-12-354 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2017-10-05 2018-03-21 2018-04-23 2018-4-30 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1874210601812010354 1553507377 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/354/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-354/TODENTJ-12-354.xml Acta Odontol. Scand. Nordenram G. 71 937 2013 10.3109/00016357.2012.734421 Nordenram G, Davidson T, Gynther G, et al. Qualitative studies of patients’ perceptions of loss of teeth, the edentulous state and prosthetic rehabilitation: A systematic review with meta-synthesis. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71 (3-4) : 937-51. Clin. Oral Implants Res. Andersson B. 6 232 1995 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1995.060406.x Andersson B, Odman P, Carlsson GE. A study of 184 consecutive patients referred for single-tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995; 6 (4) : 232-7. J. Dent. Perea C. 43 1337 2015 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.08.010 Perea C, Preciado A, Río JD, Lynch CD, Celemín A, Castillo-Oyagüe R. Oral aesthetic-related quality of life of muco-supported prosthesis and implant-retained overdenture wearers assessed by a new, short, specific scale (QoLDAS-9). J Dent 2015; 43 (11) : 1337-45. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Perelli M. 5 265 2012 Perelli M, Abundo R, Corrente G, Saccone C. Short (5 and 7 mm long) porous implants in the posterior atrophic maxilla: A 5-year report of a prospective single-cohort study. Eur J Oral Implantology 2012; 5 (3) : 265-72. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. Esposito M. 5 CD008397 2014 Esposito M, Felice P, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 5 (5) : CD008397. J. Oral Maxillofac. Res. Abayev B. 6 e2 2015 Abayev B, Juodzbalys G. Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization and transposition for dental implant placement. Part I: A systematic review of surgical techniques. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2015; 6 (1) : e2. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Milinkovic I. 43 606 2014 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.12.004 Milinkovic I, Cordaro L. Are there specific indications for the different alveolar bone augmentation procedures for implant placement? A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43 (5) : 606-25. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Pistilli R. 6 359 2013 Pistilli R, Felice P, Cannizzaro G, et al. Posterior atrophic jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 6 mm long 4 mm wide implants or by longer implants in augmented bone. One-year post-loading results from a pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantology 2013; 6 (4) : 359-72. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Merli M. 22 373 2007 Merli M, Migani M, Esposito M. Vertical ridge augmentation with autogenous bone grafts: Resorbable barriers supported by ostheosynthesis plates versus titanium-reinforced barriers. A preliminary report of a blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007; 22 (3) : 373-82. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. Barone A. 45 1438 2017 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.018 Barone A, Toti P, Menchini-Fabris GB, Felice P, Marchionni S, Covani U. Early volumetric changes after vertical augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional block graft versus onlay bone graft: A retrospective radiological study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45 (9) : 1438-47. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Călin C. 29 558 2014 10.11607/jomi.3206 Călin C, Petre A, Drafta S. Osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014; 29 (3) : 558-76. J. Clin. Periodontol. Pjetursson B.E. 35 216 2008 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01272.x Pjetursson BE, Tan WC, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35 (8) (Suppl.) : 216-40. Clin. Oral Implants Res. Guljé F. 24 1325 2013 10.1111/clr.12001 Guljé F, Abrahamsson I, Chen S, Stanford C, Zadeh H, Palmer R. Implants of 6 mm vs. 11 mm lengths in the posterior maxilla and mandible: A 1-year multicenter randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 24 (12) : 1325-31. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants das Neves F.D. 21 86 2006 das Neves FD, Fones D, Bernardes SR, do Prado CJ, Neto AJ. Short implants--an analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006; 21 (1) : 86-93. Dent. Clin. North Am. Schwartz S.R. 59 317 2015 10.1016/j.cden.2014.10.008 Schwartz SR. Short implants: Are they a viable option in implant dentistry? Dent Clin North Am 2015; 59 (2) : 317-28. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Friberg B. 6 142 1991 Friberg B, Jemt T, Lekholm U. Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Brånemark dental implants: A study from stage 1 surgery to the connection of completed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1991; 6 (2) : 142-6. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Weng D. 18 417 2003 Weng D, Jacobson Z, Tarnow D, et al. A prospective multicenter clinical trial of 3i machined-surface implants: Results after 6 years of follow-up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003; 18 (3) : 417-23. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Herrmann I. 20 220 2005 Herrmann I, Lekholm U, Holm S, Kultje C. Evaluation of patient and implant characteristics as potential prognostic factors for oral implant failures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005; 20 (2) : 220-30. J. Periodontol. Hagi D. 75 798 2004 10.1902/jop.2004.75.6.798 Hagi D, Deporter DA, Pilliar RM, Arenovich T. A targeted review of study outcomes with short (< or = 7 mm) endosseous dental implants placed in partially edentulous patients. J Periodontol 2004; 75 (6) : 798-804. J. Periodontol. Kotsovilis S. 80 1700 2009 10.1902/jop.2009.090107 Kotsovilis S, Fourmousis I, Karoussis IK, Bamia C. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of implant length on the survival of rough-surface dental implants. J Periodontol 2009; 80 (11) : 1700-18. J. Clin. Periodontol. Mezzomo L.A. 41 191 2014 10.1111/jcpe.12180 Mezzomo LA, Miller R, Triches D, Alonso F, Shinkai RS. Meta-analysis of single crowns supported by short (<10 mm) implants in the posterior region. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41 (2) : 191-213. Clin. Oral Implants Res. Renouard F. 17 35 2006 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01349.x Renouard F, Nisand D. Impact of implant length and diameter on survival rates. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006; 17 (Suppl. 2) : 35-51. Minerva Stomatol. Romeo E. 59 23 2010 Romeo E, Bivio A, Mosca D, Scanferla M, Ghisolfi M, Storelli S. The use of short dental implants in clinical practice: Literature review. Minerva Stomatol 2010; 59 (1-2) : 23-31. Int. J. Mol. Sci. Bressan E. 14 1918 2013 10.3390/ijms14011918 Bressan E, Sbricoli L, Guazzo R, et al. Nanostructured surfaces of dental implants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14 (1) : 1918-31. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. Slotte C. 14 e46 2012 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00346.x Slotte C, Grønningsaeter A, Halmøy AM, et al. Four-millimeter implants supporting fixed partial dental prostheses in the severely resorbed posterior mandible: Two-year results. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 14 (Suppl. 1) : e46-58. Clin. Oral Implants Res. Felice P. 21 1394 2010 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01966.x Felice P, Pellegrino G, Checchi L, Pistilli R, Esposito M. Vertical augmentation with interpositional blocks of anorganic bovine bone vs. 7-mm-long implants in posterior mandibles: 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21 (12) : 1394-403. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Felice P. 8 375 2015 Felice P, Pistilli R, Barausse C, Bruno V, Trullenque-Eriksson A, Esposito M. Short implants as an alternative to crestal sinus lift: A 1-year multicentre randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantology 2015; 8 (4) : 375-84. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Esposito M. 4 21 2011 Esposito M, Pellegrino G, Pistilli R, Felice P. Rehabilitation of postrior atrophic edentulous jaws: Prostheses supported by 5 mm short implants or by longer implants in augmented bone? One-year results from a pilot randomised clinical trial. Eur J Oral Implantology 2011; 4 (1) : 21-30. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Pistilli R. 6 343 2013 Pistilli R, Felice P, Piattelli M, et al. Posterior atrophic jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 5 x 5 mm implants with a novel nanostructured calcium-incorporated titanium surface or by longer implants in augmented bone. One-year results from a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantology 2013; 6 (4) : 343-57. J. Clin. Periodontol. Thoma D.S. 42 72 2015 10.1111/jcpe.12323 Thoma DS, Haas R, Tutak M, Garcia A, Schincaglia GP, Hämmerle CH. Randomized controlled multicentre study comparing short dental implants (6 mm) versus longer dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures. Part 1: demographics and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year of loading. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 (1) : 72-80. Clin. Oral Implants Res. Bechara S. 28 1097 2017 Bechara S, Kubilius R, Veronesi G, Pires JT, Shibli JA, Mangano FG. Short (6-mm) dental implants versus sinus floor elevation and placement of longer (>/=10-mm) dental implants: A randomized controlled trial with a 3-year follow-up. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017; 28 (9) (1) : 1097-107. BJOG Chien P.F. 119 903 2012 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03242.x Chien PF, Khan KS, Siassakos D. Registration of systematic reviews: PROSPERO. BJOG 2012; 119 (8) : 903-5. Open Med. Moher D. 3 e123 2009 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Open Med 2009; 3 (3) : e123-30. Higgins JPT, Green S. Eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. 2011. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Felice P. 2 7 2009 Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Checchi V, et al. Vertical bone augmentation versus 7-mm-long implants in posterior atrophic mandibles. Results of a randomised controlled clinical trial of up to 4 months after loading. Eur J Oral Implantology 2009; 2 (1) : 7-20. Eur. J. Oral Implantology Esposito M. 7 383 2014 Esposito M, Pistilli R, Barausse C, Felice P. Three-year results from a randomised controlled trial comparing prostheses supported by 5-mm long implants or by longer implants in augmented bone in posterior atrophic edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantology 2014; 7 (4) : 383-95. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Sun H.L. 26 816 2011 Sun HL, Huang C, Wu YR, Shi B. Failure rates of short (≤ 10 mm) dental implants and factors influencing their failure: A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2011; 26 (4) : 816-25. Quintessence Int. Al-Hashedi A.A. 45 499 2014 Al-Hashedi AA, Taiyeb Ali TB, Yunus N. Short dental implants: an emerging concept in implant treatment. Quintessence Int 2014; 45 (6) : 499-514. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Lee S.A. 29 1085 2014 10.11607/jomi.3504 Lee SA, Lee CT, Fu MM, Elmisalati W, Chuang SK. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for the management of limited vertical height in the posterior region: short implants (5 to 8 mm) vs longer implants (> 8 mm) in vertically augmented sites. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014; 29 (5) : 1085-97. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Bahat O. 15 646 2000 Bahat O. Brånemark system implants in the posterior maxilla: Clinical study of 660 implants followed for 5 to 12 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000; 15 (5) : 646-53. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants Lekholm U. 14 639 1999 Lekholm U, Gunne J, Henry P, et al. Survival of the Brånemark implant in partially edentulous jaws: A 10-years prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1999; 14 (5) : 639-45. Clin. Oral Implants Res. Naert I. 13 381 2002 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2002.130406.x Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Duyck J, Quirynen M, Jacobs R, van Steenberghe D. Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. part I: A longitudinal clinical evaluation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2002; 13 (4) : 381-9. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. Friberg B. 2 184 2000 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2000.tb00116.x Friberg B, Gröndahl K, Lekholm U, Brånemark PI. Long-term follow-up of severely atrophic edentulous mandibles reconstructed with short Brånemark implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2000; 2 (4) : 184-9. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. Neldam C.A. 14 622 2012 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00303.x Neldam CA, Pinholt EM. State of the art of short dental implants: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 14 (4) : 622-32. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants ten Bruggenkate C.M. 13 791 1998 ten Bruggenkate CM, Asikainen P, Foitzik C, Krekeler G, Sutter F. Short (6-mm) nonsubmerged dental implants: Results of a Multicenter clinical trial of 1 to 7 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998; 13 (6) : 791-8. Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent. Wallace R.H. 8 103 2000 Wallace RH. The relationship between cigarette smoking and dental implant failure. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2000; 8 (3) : 103-6. J. Prosthet. Dent. Haas R. 76 592 1996 10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90435-7 Haas R, Haimböck W, Mailath G, Watzek G. The relationship of smoking on peri-implant tissue: A retrospective study. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 76 (6) : 592-6. J. Periodontol. Kotsovilis S. 80 1700 2009 10.1902/jop.2009.090107 Kotsovilis S, Fourmousis I, Karoussis IK, Bamia C. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of implant length on the survival of rough-surface dental implants. J Periodontol 2009; 80 (11) : 1700-18. Implant Dent. Goené R. 14 274 2005 10.1097/01.id.0000173335.90854.d8 Goené R, Bianchesi C, Hüerzeler M, et al. Performance of short implants in partial restorations: 3-year follow-up of Osseotite implants. Implant Dent 2005; 14 (3) : 274-80. J. Clin. Periodontol. Telleman G. 38 667 2011 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01736.x Telleman G, Raghoebar GM, Vissink A, den Hartog L, Huddleston Slater JJ, Meijer HJ. A systematic review of the prognosis of short (<10 mm) dental implants placed in the partially edentulous patient. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (7) : 667-76. J. Periodontol. Monje A. 84 895 2013 10.1902/jop.2012.120328 Monje A, Chan HL, Fu JH, Suarez F, Galindo-Moreno P, Wang HL. Are short dental implants (<10 mm) effective? A meta-analysis on prospective clinical trials. J Periodontol 2013; 84 (7) : 895-904. J. Dent. Res. Annibali S. 91 25 2012 10.1177/0022034511425675 Annibali S, Cristalli MP, Dell’Aquila D, Bignozzi I, La Monaca G, Pilloni A. Short dental implants: A systematic review. J Dent Res 2012; 91 (1) : 25-32. J. Oral Implantol. Lum L.B. 17 126 1991 Lum LB. A biomechanical rationale for the use of short implants. J Oral Implantol 1991; 17 (2) : 126-31.