TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-12-312 1553507356 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 04 30 2018 12 1 Sabine Teubner Patrick R. Schmidlin Giorgio Menghini Thomas Attin Stefan Baumgartner Aim: Available information on the effect of orthodontic treatment on crestal alveolar bone levels measured in radiographs is contradictory. The aim of this study was to compare the alveolar bone level and periodontal ligament space of banded upper first molars to untreated controls. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study investigated alveolar bone levels of upper first molars of an orthodontic test group and an untreated control group of comparable age (15-16.25 years), using existing bitewing radiographs. Eighty-six individuals were included in each group. Three parameters were measured mesially and distally on both sides of the patient as follows: I) Alveolar Bone Level (ABL): measured as the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest, II) the Periodontal Ligament Space (PLS): measured as the most coronal distance between the alveolar crest and the tooth surface, and III) angle between the lines (alveolar crests mesial and distal) and (cemento-enamel junction mesial and distal). Results: The mean duration of the orthodontic treatment in the test group was 2.5 years. The periodontal ligament space was statistically significantly wider on mesial areas of right molars (mean 0.2 mm, p<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference found in the three other areas (distal part of the right molar, mesial and distal parts of the left molar). There was a statistically significant mean alveolar bone loss in the right and left mesial areas, respectively accounting for 0.3 mm (p<0.001) and 0.2 mm (p<0.01). No statistically significant alveolar bone loss was measured on the distal surfaces of the upper molars. The angle was wider on both sides for the test group (right p<0.001 and left p<0.05). Conclusions: A significant alveolar bone loss on the mesial tooth surface of upper first molars after orthodontic treatment was found with concurrent different levelling angles in the test group. On all other sites, no statistically significant changes were found. There was some minimal statistical significant alveolar bone loss after finishing treatment in patients who had orthodontic bands placed on their maxillary 1st molars, but no clinical significance was found. 04 30 2018 312 321 TODENTJ-12-312 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2018-1-30 2018-3-21 2018-4-16 2018-04-30 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1874210601812010312 1553507356 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/312/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TODENTJ-12-312/TODENTJ-12-312.xml 10.1002/14651858.CD008236.pub2 Millett DT, Mandall NA, Mattick RCR, Hickman J, Glenny AM. 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