TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-11-41 1553506932 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 01 31 2017 11 1 Aristidis Arhakis Eirini Athanasiadou Christina Vlachou Introduction: Injuries concerning the skull, the mouth and thus potentially involving the mouth and teeth are characterized as major public health problems due to their high prevalence and very serious functional and aesthetic consequences. Pain, aesthetic and functional problems arising from dental trauma significantly disrupt normal function, and impact, often dramatically, on young patients’ quality of life. Procedure: With regards to the behavior management approach to a child who has suffered a dental trauma, dentist’s first step is to be to reassure child and parents. They should feel that the emergency is being properly treated on the part of the dentist and feel safe. The dentist should offer psychological support to child and parents and focus on alleviating any possible pain the child may feel. But, before that, a good level of communication with the child should be established. Conclusion: This can be achieved through the tell-show-do technique, a presentation of the special session’s structure, the positive reinforcement method, the attention distraction method and exploiting the child’s imagination. The detailed description of the treatment to be followed is crucial for reducing the child’s level of stress, as well as that of the parents. Immediately after the completion of treatment, dentist should give listening time to the parents for any queries and include the child who probably wants to share their experience. 01 31 2017 41 47 TODENTJ-11-41 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2016-10-14 2016-12-21 2017-01-03 2017-01-31 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1874210601711010041 1553506932 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/11/PAGE/41/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-41/TODENTJ-11-41.xml Quintessence Int. Diab M. 31 327 2000 Diab M, elBadrawy HE. Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part I: Review and management. Quintessence Int 2000; 31 (5) : 327-34. Dent. Traumatol. Wong F.S. 20 327 2004 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2004.00263.x Wong FS, Kolokotsa K. The cost of treating children and adolescents with injuries to their permanent incisors at a dental hospital in the United Kingdom. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20 (6) : 327-33. Pediatr. Dent. Lee J.Y. 31 96 2009 Lee JY, Divaris K. Hidden consequences of dental trauma: the social and psychological effects. Pediatr Dent 2009; 31 (2) : 96-101. Am. J. Orthod. Helm S. 87 110 1985 10.1016/0002-9416(85)90020-X Helm S, Kreiborg S, Solow B. Psychosocial implications of malocclusion: a 15-year follow-up study in 30-year-old Danes. Am J Orthod 1985; 87 (2) : 110-8. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. Cortes M.I. 30 193 2002 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300305.x Cortes MI, Marcenes W, Sheiham A. Impact of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth on the oral health-related quality of life in 1214-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002; 30 (3) : 193-8. Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent. Giannetti L. 8 69 2007 Giannetti L, Murri A, Vecci F, Gatto R. Dental avulsion: therapeutic protocols and oral health-related quality of life. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2007; 8 (2) : 69-75. Dent. Traumatol. Ramos-Jorge M.L. 23 114 2007 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00409.x Ramos-Jorge ML, Bosco VL, Peres MA, Nunes AC. The impact of treatment of dental trauma on the quality of life of adolescents - a case-control study in southern Brazil. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23 (2) : 114-9. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. Damé-Teixeira N. 23 266 2013 10.1111/ipd.12002 Damé-Teixeira N, Alves LS, Ardenghi TM, Susin C, Maltz M. Traumatic dental injury with treatment needs negatively affects the quality of life of Brazilian schoolchildren. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23 (4) : 266-73. Dent. Traumatol. Porritt J.M. 27 2 2011 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00943.x Porritt JM, Rodd HD, Ruth Baker S. Quality of life impacts following childhood dento-alveolar trauma. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27 (1) : 2-9. Dent. Traumatol. Thelen D.S. 27 88 2011 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00957.x Thelen DS, Trovik TA, Bårdsen A. Impact of traumatic dental injuries with unmet treatment need on daily life among Albanian adolescents: a case-control study. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27 (2) : 88-94. Int. Dent. J. Vieira-Andrade R.G. 65 261 2015 10.1111/idj.12182 Vieira-Andrade RG, Siqueira MB, Gomes GB, et al. Impact of traumatic dental injury on the quality of life of young children: a case-control study. Int Dent J 2015; 65 (5) : 261-8. Health Qual. Life Outcomes Aldrigui J.M. 9 78 2011 10.1186/1477-7525-9-78 Aldrigui JM, Abanto J, Carvalho TS, et al. Impact of traumatic dental injuries and malocclusions on quality of life of young children. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9 : 78. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. Abanto J. 42 385 2014 10.1111/cdoe.12099 Abanto J, Tsakos G, Paiva SM, Carvalho TS, Raggio DP, Bönecker M. Impact of dental caries and trauma on quality of life among 5- to 6-year-old children: perceptions of parents and children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 42 (5) : 385-94. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. Awooda E.M. 5 425 2015 10.4103/2231-0762.165931 Awooda EM, Ali YA. Social judgments made by children (1015 year old) in relation to visible incisors trauma: School-based cross-sectional study in Khartoum state, Sudan. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5 (5) : 425-31. Dent. Traumatol. Rodd H.D. 26 2 2010 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00849.x Rodd HD, Barker C, Baker SR, Marshman Z, Robinson PG. Social judgements made by children in relation to visible incisor trauma. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26 (1) : 2-8. Dent. Traumatol. Fakhruddin K.S. 24 309 2008 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00547.x Fakhruddin KS, Lawrence HP, Kenny DJ, Locker D. Impact of treated and untreated dental injuries on the quality of life of Ontario school children. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24 (3) : 309-13. Jacobsen I, Andreasen JO. Pediatric Dentistry A clinical approach. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell 2009; pp. 264-97. Dent. Traumatol. Vlok J.L. 27 109 2011 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00969.x Vlok JL, Worthington EM, Hindson JA, Davidson LE, Thomson WM, Drummond BK. Young peoples perceptions of photographs of dental trauma. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27 (2) : 109-12. Wilson S, Dilley DC, Vann WF. Pediatric dentistry Infancy through adolescence. 5th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Saunders 2005; pp. 108-29. Chapter 7 Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. Arapostathis K.N. 18 374 2008 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00894.x Arapostathis KN, Coolidge T, Emmanouil D, Kotsanos N. Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Childrens Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008; 18 (5) : 374-9. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. Saravia M.E. 15 109 1991 Saravia ME, Bush JP. The needleless syringe: efficacy of anesthesia and patient preference in child dental patients. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1991; 15 (2) : 109-12. Rev. Chicago Dent. Soc. Addelston H.K. 38 27 1959 Addelston HK. Child patient training forth. Rev Chicago Dent Soc 1959; 38 (7-9) : 27-9. Kotsanos N. Paediatric Dentistry-Evidence based total care. Fylatos Publishing Thessaloniki 2015; pp. 77-97. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. Weinstein P. 104 32 1982 10.14219/jada.archive.1982.0117 Weinstein P, Getz T, Ratener P, Domoto P. The effect of dentists behaviors on fear-related behaviors in children. J Am Dent Assoc 1982; 104 (1) : 32-8. ASDC J. Dent. Child. Craig W. 38 387 1971 Craig W. Hand over mouth technique. ASDC J Dent Child 1971; 38 (6) : 387-9. ASDC J. Dent. Child. Levitas T.C. 41 178 1974 Levitas TC. HOME-hand over mouth exercise. ASDC J Dent Child 1974; 41 (3) : 178-82. CDA J. Rayman M.S. 15 20 1987 Rayman MS. Parent observation. CDA J 1987; 15 (8) : 20-4. Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent. Kotsanos N. 6 144 2005 Kotsanos N, Arhakis A, Coolidge T. Parental presence versus absence in the dental operatory: a technique to manage the uncooperative child dental patient. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2005; 6 (3) : 144-8. Pediatr. Dent. Sonis A.L. 21 469 1999 Sonis AL, Ureles SD. Workshop on parenting methods to minimize disruptive behavior. Pediatr Dent 1999; 21 (7) : 469-70. ASDC J. Dent. Child. Frankl S. 29 150 1962 Frankl S, Shiere F, Fogels H. Should the Parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? ASDC J Dent Child 1962; 29 : 150-63.