<?xml version="1.0"?>
<doi_batch xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.0" xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd" xmlns:ct="http://www.crossref.org/clinicaltrials.xsd" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" xmlns:rel="http://www.crossref.org/relations.xsd" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" version="4.4.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.0 crossref4.4.0.xsd">
  <head>
    <doi_batch_id>TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-11-200</doi_batch_id>
    <timestamp>1553507017</timestamp>
    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>Bentham Open</depositor_name>
      <email_address>doi@benthamopen.net</email_address>
    </depositor>
    <registrant>Bentham Open</registrant>
  </head>
  <body>
    <journal>
      <journal_metadata language="en">
        <full_title>The Open Dentistry Journal</full_title>
        <abbrev_title>TODENTJ</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1874-2106</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_issue>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>03</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2017</year>
        </publication_date>
        <journal_volume>
          <volume>11</volume>
        </journal_volume>
        <issue>1</issue>
      </journal_issue>
      <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
        <titles>
          <title>Pretreatment Effect of Folic Acid on 13-Cis-RA-Induced Cellular Damage of Developing Midfacial Processes in Cultured Rat Embryos</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first">
            <given_name>Rungarun</given_name>
            <surname>Kriangkrai</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Suconta</given_name>
            <surname>Chareonvit</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Sachiko</given_name>
            <surname>Iseki</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Visaka</given_name>
            <surname>Limwongse</surname>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract>
                <jats:sec>
                    <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title>
                    <jats:p>Excess treatment of 13-cis-RA (Accutane<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>) on pregnant women induces craniofacial malformation found in infants. However, the effect of folic acid on 13-cis-RA-induced cellular damages of developing midfacial processes is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effect of folic acid (FA) on 13-cis-RA-induced cellular damage in developing midfacial processes in rat embryos.</jats:p>
                </jats:sec>
                <jats:sec>
                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:</jats:title>
                    <jats:p>The rat embryos at developing midfacial processes were performed by whole embryo culture <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>, in the presence of 13-cis-RA (20 µM) with or without pre-treatment of FA (100 µM). The midfacial morphogenesis score, PCNA and TUNEL assay staining were evaluated for morphogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis of the midfacial processes, respectively.</jats:p>
                </jats:sec>
                <jats:sec>
                    <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>
                    <jats:p>The 13-cis-RA-treated embryos at 24h showed atrophy of midfacial processes with significantly decreased morphogenesis score and cell proliferation, and increased apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the embryos pre-treated with FA for 18h, followed by 13-cis-RA treatment for 24h (FA-RA) showed significantly greater morphogenesis score, increased cell proliferation and lower apoptotic cell death compared to those of the 13-cis-RA-treated embryos.</jats:p>
                </jats:sec>
                <jats:sec>
                    <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title>
                    <jats:p>The results suggest that FA reduced the teratogenic effects of 13-cis-RA on midfacial process tissue. Future investigations regarding the anti-teratogenic mechanism of FA on the prevention of damages in midface processes induced by 13-cis-RA on pregnant woman are warranted.</jats:p>
                </jats:sec>
            </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date>
          <month>03</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2017</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>200</first_page>
          <last_page>212</last_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <identifier id_type="sici">TODENTJ-11-200</identifier>
        </publisher_item>
        <crossmark>
          <crossmark_version>1</crossmark_version>
          <crossmark_policy>10.2174/crossmark_policy</crossmark_policy>
          <crossmark_domains>
            <crossmark_domain>
              <domain>opendentistryjournal.com</domain>
            </crossmark_domain>
            <crossmark_domain>
              <domain>benthamopen.com</domain>
            </crossmark_domain>
          </crossmark_domains>
          <crossmark_domain_exclusive>true</crossmark_domain_exclusive>
          <custom_metadata>
            <assertion name="review_status" label="Review Status" group_name="peer_review_details" group_label="Peer Review Details" order="0">Peer Reviewed</assertion>
            <assertion name="review_process" label="Review Process" group_name="peer_review_details" group_label="Peer Review Details" order="1">Single blind</assertion>
            <assertion name="screening_status" label="Screening Status" group_name="plagiarism_screening" group_label="Plagiarism Screening" order="0">Checked with iThenticate</assertion>
            <assertion name="received" label="Received" group_name="publication_history" group_label="Publication History" order="0">2016-06-24</assertion>
            <assertion name="revised" label="Revised" group_name="publication_history" group_label="Publication History" order="1">2017-01-25</assertion>
            <assertion name="accepted" label="Accepted" group_name="publication_history" group_label="Publication History" order="2">2017-02-28</assertion>
            <assertion name="published" label="Published" group_name="publication_history" group_label="Publication History" order="3">2017-03-31</assertion>
            <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
              <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode</ai:license_ref>
            </ai:program>
          </custom_metadata>
        </crossmark>
        <doi_data>
          <doi>10.2174/1874210601711010200</doi>
          <timestamp>1553507017</timestamp>
          <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/11/PAGE/200/</resource>
          <collection property="crawler-based">
            <item crawler="google">
              <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
            <item crawler="msn">
              <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
            <item crawler="altavista">
              <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
            <item crawler="yahoo">
              <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
            <item crawler="scirus">
              <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
            <item crawler="iParadigms">
              <resource>https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
          </collection>
          <collection property="text-mining">
            <item>
              <resource mime_type="application/pdf">https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.pdf</resource>
            </item>
            <item>
              <resource mime_type="application/xml">https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V11/TODENTJ-11-200/TODENTJ-11-200.xml</resource>
            </item>
          </collection>
        </doi_data>
        <citation_list>
          <citation key="ref1">
            <journal_title>Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol.</journal_title>
            <author>Castillo M.</author>
            <volume>25</volume>
            <first_page>169</first_page>
            <cYear>1995</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Castillo M, Mukherji SK. 
                    Imaging of facial anomalies. 
                    Curr Probl Diagn Radiol  
                    1995; 
                    25
                    (5)
                    : 169-88.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref2">
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Schoenwolf GC, Bleyl SB, Brauer PR, Francis-West PH. 
                    Larsen's Human Embryology.  4th ed. 
                    Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsever 2009.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref3">
            <journal_title>Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol.</journal_title>
            <author>Trasler D.G.</author>
            <volume>91</volume>
            <first_page>967</first_page>
            <cYear>2011</cYear>
            <doi>10.1002/bdra.20845</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Trasler DG. 
                    Pathogenesis of cleft lip and its relation to embryonic face shape in A/J and C57BL mice. 1968. 
                    Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol  
                    2011; 
                    91
                    (11)
                    : 967-83.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref4">
            <journal_title>Dev. Dyn.</journal_title>
            <author>Kriangkrai R.</author>
            <volume>235</volume>
            <first_page>2134</first_page>
            <cYear>2006</cYear>
            <doi>10.1002/dvdy.20875</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Kriangkrai R, Chareonvit S, Yahagi K, Fujiwara M, Eto K, Iseki S. 
                    Study of Pax 6 mutant rat revealed the association between upper incisor formation and midface formation. 
                    Dev Dyn  
                    2006; 
                    235
                    (8)
                    : 2134-43.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref5">
            <journal_title>J. Craniofac. Genet. Dev. Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Goulding E.H.</author>
            <volume>6</volume>
            <first_page>99</first_page>
            <cYear>1986</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Goulding EH, Pratt RM. 
                    Isotretinoin teratogenicity in mouse whole embryo culture. 
                    J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol  
                    1986; 
                    6
                    (2)
                    : 99-112.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref6">
            <journal_title>J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.</journal_title>
            <author>Ellis C.N.</author>
            <volume>45</volume>
            <first_page>S150</first_page>
            <cYear>2001</cYear>
            <doi>10.1067/mjd.2001.113717</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ellis CN, Krach KJ. 
                    Uses and complications of isotretinoin therapy. 
                    J Am Acad Dermatol  
                    2001; 
                    45
                    (5)
                    : S150-7.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref7">
            <journal_title>Reproduction</journal_title>
            <author>Livera G.</author>
            <volume>124</volume>
            <first_page>173</first_page>
            <cYear>2002</cYear>
            <doi>10.1530/rep.0.1240173</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Livera G, Rouiller-Fabre V, Pairault C, Levacher C, Habert R. 
                    Regulation and perturbation of testicular functions by vitamin A. 
                    Reproduction  
                    2002; 
                    124
                    (2)
                    : 173-80.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref8">
            <journal_title>Biochim. Biophys. Acta</journal_title>
            <author>Napoli J.L.</author>
            <volume>1440</volume>
            <first_page>139</first_page>
            <cYear>1999</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00117-1</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Napoli JL. 
                    Interactions of retinoid binding proteins and enzymes in retinoid metabolism. 
                    Biochim Biophys Acta  
                    1999; 
                    1440
                    (2-3)
                    : 139-62.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref9">
            <journal_title>Physiol. Rev.</journal_title>
            <author>Ross S.A.</author>
            <volume>80</volume>
            <first_page>1021</first_page>
            <cYear>2000</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ross SA, McCaffery PJ, Drager UC, De Luca LM. 
                    Retinoids in embryonal development. 
                    Physiol Rev  
                    2000; 
                    80
                    (3)
                    : 1021-54.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref10">
            <journal_title>Int. Rev. Cytol.</journal_title>
            <author>Morriss-Kay G.M.</author>
            <volume>188</volume>
            <first_page>73</first_page>
            <cYear>1999</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61566-1</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Morriss-Kay GM, Ward SJ. 
                    Retinoids and mammalian development. 
                    Int Rev Cytol  
                    1999; 
                    188
                    : 73-131.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref11">
            <journal_title>N. Engl. J. Med.</journal_title>
            <author>Lammer E.J.</author>
            <volume>313</volume>
            <first_page>837</first_page>
            <cYear>1985</cYear>
            <doi>10.1056/NEJM198510033131401</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Lammer EJ, Chen DT, Hoar RM, et al. 
                    Retinoic acid embryopathy. 
                    N Engl J Med  
                    1985; 
                    313
                    (14)
                    : 837-41.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref12">
            <journal_title>Methods Enzymol.</journal_title>
            <author>Nau H.</author>
            <volume>190</volume>
            <first_page>437</first_page>
            <cYear>1990</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/0076-6879(90)90050-B</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Nau H. 
                    Correlation of transplacental and maternal pharmacokinetics of retinoids during organogenesis with teratogenicity. 
                    Methods Enzymol  
                    1990; 
                    190
                    : 437-48.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref13">
            <journal_title>Development</journal_title>
            <author>Chai Y.</author>
            <volume>127</volume>
            <first_page>1671</first_page>
            <cYear>2000</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Chai Y, Jiang X, Ito Y, et al. 
                    Fate of the mammalian cranial neural crest during tooth and mandibular morphogenesis. 
                    Development  
                    2000; 
                    127
                    (8)
                    : 1671-9.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref14">
            <journal_title>Development</journal_title>
            <author>Ruberte E.</author>
            <volume>118</volume>
            <first_page>267</first_page>
            <cYear>1993</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ruberte E, Friederich V, Chambon P, Morriss-Kay G. 
                    Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. III. Their differential transcript distribution during mouse nervous system development. 
                    Development  
                    1993; 
                    118
                    (1)
                    : 267-82.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref15">
            <journal_title>Pediatrics</journal_title>
            <author>Cohlan S.Q.</author>
            <volume>13</volume>
            <first_page>556</first_page>
            <cYear>1954</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Cohlan SQ. 
                    Congenital anomalies in the rat produced by excessive intake of vitamin A during pregnancy. 
                    Pediatrics  
                    1954; 
                    13
                    (6)
                    : 556-67.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref16">
            <journal_title>Exp. Toxicol. Pathol.</journal_title>
            <author>Emmanouil-Nikoloussi E.N.</author>
            <volume>52</volume>
            <first_page>437</first_page>
            <cYear>2000</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/S0940-2993(00)80079-2</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN, Goret-Nicaise M, Foroglou P, et al. 
                    Histological observations of palatal malformations in rat embryos induced by retinoic acid treatment. 
                    Exp Toxicol Pathol  
                    2000; 
                    52
                    (5)
                    : 437-44.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref17">
            <journal_title>Pediatr. Surg. Int.</journal_title>
            <author>Yu J.</author>
            <volume>19</volume>
            <first_page>355</first_page>
            <cYear>2003</cYear>
            <doi>10.1007/s00383-003-1010-9</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Yu J, Gonzalez S, Martinez L, Diez-Pardo JA, Tovar JA. 
                    Effects of retinoic acid on the neural crest-controlled organs of fetal rats. 
                    Pediatr Surg Int  
                    2003; 
                    19
                    (5)
                    : 355-8.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref18">
            <journal_title>Drugs</journal_title>
            <author>Ward A.</author>
            <volume>28</volume>
            <first_page>6</first_page>
            <cYear>1984</cYear>
            <doi>10.2165/00003495-198428010-00002</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ward A, Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS. 
                    Isotretinoin: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in acne and other skin disorders. 
                    Drugs  
                    1984; 
                    28
                    (1)
                    : 6-37.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref19">
            <journal_title>J. Craniofac. Genet. Dev. Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Webster W.S.</author>
            <volume>6</volume>
            <first_page>211</first_page>
            <cYear>1986</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Webster WS, Johnston MC, Lammer EJ, Sulik KK. 
                    Isotretinoin embryopathy and the cranial neural crest: an in vivo and in vitro study. 
                    J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol  
                    1986; 
                    6
                    (3)
                    : 211-22.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref20">
            <journal_title>J. Craniofac. Genet. Dev. Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Watanabe T.</author>
            <volume>8</volume>
            <first_page>21</first_page>
            <cYear>1988</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Watanabe T, Goulding EH, Pratt RM. 
                    Alterations in craniofacial growth induced by isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) in mouse whole embryo and primary mesenchymal cell culture. 
                    J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol  
                    1988; 
                    8
                    (1)
                    : 21-33.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref21">
            <journal_title>Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.</journal_title>
            <author>Eden S.</author>
            <volume>4</volume>
            <first_page>255</first_page>
            <cYear>1994</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80052-8</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Eden S, Cedar H. 
                    Role of DNA methylation in the regulation of transcription. 
                    Curr Opin Genet Dev  
                    1994; 
                    4
                    (2)
                    : 255-9.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref22">
            <journal_title>Dev. Dyn.</journal_title>
            <author>Boot M.J.</author>
            <volume>227</volume>
            <first_page>301</first_page>
            <cYear>2003</cYear>
            <doi>10.1002/dvdy.10303</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Boot MJ, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Poelmann RE, Van Iperen L, Lindemans J, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. 
                    Folic acid and homocysteine affect neural crest and neuroepithelial cell outgrowth and differentiation in vitro. 
                    Dev Dyn  
                    2003; 
                    227
                    (2)
                    : 301-8.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref23">
            <journal_title>Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.</journal_title>
            <author>Wu T.G.</author>
            <volume>22</volume>
            <first_page>299</first_page>
            <cYear>2008</cYear>
            <doi>10.1007/s10557-008-6109-8</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Wu TG, Li WH, Lin ZQ, Wang LX. 
                    Effects of folic acid on cardiac myocyte apoptosis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. 
                    Cardiovasc Drugs Ther  
                    2008; 
                    22
                    (4)
                    : 299-304.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref24">
            <journal_title>Br. J. Nutr.</journal_title>
            <author>Yu H.L.</author>
            <volume>102</volume>
            <first_page>655</first_page>
            <cYear>2009</cYear>
            <doi>10.1017/S0007114509243042</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Yu HL, Li L, Zhang XH, et al. 
                    Neuroprotective effects of genistein and folic acid on apoptosis of rat cultured cortical neurons induced by beta-amyloid 3135. 
                    Br J Nutr  
                    2009; 
                    102
                    (5)
                    : 655-62.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref25">
            <journal_title>Neuropharmacology</journal_title>
            <author>Zhang X.</author>
            <volume>54</volume>
            <first_page>1112</first_page>
            <cYear>2008</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.02.020</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Zhang X, Chen S, Li L, Wang Q, Le W. 
                    Folic acid protects motor neurons against the increased homocysteine, inflammation and apoptosis in SOD1 G93A transgenic mice. 
                    Neuropharmacology  
                    2008; 
                    54
                    (7)
                    : 1112-9.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref26">
            <journal_title>Toxicol. In Vitro</journal_title>
            <author>Van Maele-Fabry G.</author>
            <volume>4</volume>
            <first_page>149</first_page>
            <cYear>1990</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/0887-2333(90)90037-T</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Van Maele-Fabry G, Delhaise F, Picard JJ. 
                    Morphogenesis and quantification of the development of post-implantation mouse embryos. 
                    Toxicol In Vitro  
                    1990; 
                    4
                    (2)
                    : 149-56.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref27">
            <journal_title>Nature</journal_title>
            <author>Lee S.H.</author>
            <volume>414</volume>
            <first_page>909</first_page>
            <cYear>2001</cYear>
            <doi>10.1038/414909a</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Lee SH, Fu KK, Hui JN, Richman JM. 
                    Noggin and retinoic acid transform the identity of avian facial prominences. 
                    Nature  
                    2001; 
                    414
                    (6866)
                    : 909-12.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref28">
            <journal_title>Development</journal_title>
            <author>Schneider R.A.</author>
            <volume>128</volume>
            <first_page>2755</first_page>
            <cYear>2001</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Schneider RA, Hu D, Rubenstein JL, Maden M, Helms JA. 
                    Local retinoid signaling coordinates forebrain and facial morphogenesis by maintaining FGF8 and SHH. 
                    Development  
                    2001; 
                    128
                    (14)
                    : 2755-67.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref29">
            <journal_title>Dev. Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Song Y.</author>
            <volume>276</volume>
            <first_page>313</first_page>
            <cYear>2004</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.035</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Song Y, Hui JN, Fu KK, Richman JM. 
                    Control of retinoic acid synthesis and FGF expression in the nasal pit is required to pattern the craniofacial skeleton. 
                    Dev Biol  
                    2004; 
                    276
                    (2)
                    : 313-29.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref30">
            <journal_title>Dev. Growth Differ.</journal_title>
            <author>Motoyama J.</author>
            <volume>36</volume>
            <first_page>281</first_page>
            <cYear>1994</cYear>
            <doi>10.1111/j.1440-169X.1994.00281.x</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Motoyama J, Taki K, Osumi-Yamashita N, Eto K. 
                    Retinoic acid treatment induces cell death and the protein expression of retinoic acid receptor β in the Mesenchymal cells of mouse facial primordia in vitro. 
                    Dev Growth Differ  
                    1994; 
                    36
                    : 281-8.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref31">
            <journal_title>Dev. Growth Differ.</journal_title>
            <author>Osumi-Yamashita N.</author>
            <volume>34</volume>
            <first_page>199</first_page>
            <cYear>1992</cYear>
            <doi>10.1111/j.1440-169X.1992.tb00009.x</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Osumi-Yamashita N, Iseki S, Noji S, et al. 
                    Retinoic acid treatment induces the ectopic exporession of retinoic acid receptor β gene and excessive cell death in the embryonic mouse face. 
                    Dev Growth Differ  
                    1992; 
                    34
                    : 199-209.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref32">
            <journal_title>Dev. Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Osumi-Yamashita N.</author>
            <volume>164</volume>
            <first_page>409</first_page>
            <cYear>1994</cYear>
            <doi>10.1006/dbio.1994.1211</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Osumi-Yamashita N, Ninomiya Y, Doi H, Eto K. 
                    The contribution of both forebrain and midbrain crest cells to the mesenchyme in the frontonasal mass of mouse embryos. 
                    Dev Biol  
                    1994; 
                    164
                    (2)
                    : 409-19.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref33">
            <journal_title>Endocr. Rev.</journal_title>
            <author>Gospodarowicz D.</author>
            <volume>8</volume>
            <first_page>95</first_page>
            <cYear>1987</cYear>
            <doi>10.1210/edrv-8-2-95</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Gospodarowicz D, Ferrara N, Schweigerer L, Neufeld G. 
                    Structural characterization and biological functions of fibroblast growth factor. 
                    Endocr Rev  
                    1987; 
                    8
                    (2)
                    : 95-114.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref34">
            <journal_title>J. Cell Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Rifkin D.B.</author>
            <volume>109</volume>
            <first_page>1</first_page>
            <cYear>1989</cYear>
            <doi>10.1083/jcb.109.1.1</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Rifkin DB, Moscatelli D. 
                    Recent developments in the cell biology of basic fibroblast growth factor. 
                    J Cell Biol  
                    1989; 
                    109
                    (1)
                    : 1-6.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref35">
            <journal_title>Genes Dev.</journal_title>
            <author>Ingham P.W.</author>
            <volume>15</volume>
            <first_page>3059</first_page>
            <cYear>2001</cYear>
            <doi>10.1101/gad.938601</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ingham PW, McMahon AP. 
                    Hedgehog signaling in animal development: paradigms and principles. 
                    Genes Dev  
                    2001; 
                    15
                    (23)
                    : 3059-87.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref36">
            <journal_title>Dev. Biol.</journal_title>
            <author>Helms J.A.</author>
            <volume>187</volume>
            <first_page>25</first_page>
            <cYear>1997</cYear>
            <doi>10.1006/dbio.1997.8589</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Helms JA, Kim CH, Hu D, Minkoff R, Thaller C, Eichele G. 
                    Sonic hedgehog participates in craniofacial morphogenesis and is down-regulated by teratogenic doses of retinoic acid. 
                    Dev Biol  
                    1997; 
                    187
                    (1)
                    : 25-35.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref37">
            <journal_title>Anat. Embryol. (Berl.)</journal_title>
            <author>Kriangkrai R.</author>
            <volume>211</volume>
            <first_page>101</first_page>
            <cYear>2006</cYear>
            <doi>10.1007/s00429-005-0068-7</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Kriangkrai R, Iseki S, Eto K, Chareonvit S. 
                    Dual odontogenic origins develop at the early stage of rat maxillary incisor development. 
                    Anat Embryol (Berl)  
                    2006; 
                    211
                    (2)
                    : 101-8.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref38">
            <journal_title>Cell Tissue Res.</journal_title>
            <author>Schneider R.A.</author>
            <volume>296</volume>
            <first_page>103</first_page>
            <cYear>1999</cYear>
            <doi>10.1007/s004410051271</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Schneider RA, Hu D, Helms JA. 
                    From head to toe: conservation of molecular signals regulating limb and craniofacial morphogenesis. 
                    Cell Tissue Res  
                    1999; 
                    296
                    (1)
                    : 103-9.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref39">
            <journal_title>Am. J. Clin. Nutr.</journal_title>
            <author>Waterland R.A.</author>
            <volume>69</volume>
            <first_page>179</first_page>
            <cYear>1999</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Waterland RA, Garza C. 
                    Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease. 
                    Am J Clin Nutr  
                    1999; 
                    69
                    (2)
                    : 179-97.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref40">
            <journal_title>Cell</journal_title>
            <author>Bird A.P.</author>
            <volume>99</volume>
            <first_page>451</first_page>
            <cYear>1999</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81532-9</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Bird AP, Wolffe AP. 
                    Methylation-induced repressionbelts, braces, and chromatin. 
                    Cell  
                    1999; 
                    99
                    (5)
                    : 451-4.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref41">
            <journal_title>J. Natl. Cancer Inst.</journal_title>
            <author>Giovannucci E.</author>
            <volume>85</volume>
            <first_page>875</first_page>
            <cYear>1993</cYear>
            <doi>10.1093/jnci/85.11.875</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. 
                    Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma. 
                    J Natl Cancer Inst  
                    1993; 
                    85
                    (11)
                    : 875-84.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref42">
            <journal_title>Nutr. Rev.</journal_title>
            <author>Goldberg G.R.</author>
            <volume>52</volume>
            <first_page>191</first_page>
            <cYear>1994</cYear>
            <doi>10.1111/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01420.x</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Goldberg GR, Prentice AM. 
                    Maternal and fetal determinants of adult diseases. 
                    Nutr Rev  
                    1994; 
                    52
                    (6)
                    : 191-200.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref43">
            <journal_title>Nat. Genet.</journal_title>
            <author>Goyette P.</author>
            <volume>7</volume>
            <first_page>195</first_page>
            <cYear>1994</cYear>
            <doi>10.1038/ng0694-195</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, et al. 
                    Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA, mapping and mutation identification. 
                    Nat Genet  
                    1994; 
                    7
                    (2)
                    : 195-200.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref44">
            <journal_title>Nat. Genet.</journal_title>
            <author>Grady W.M.</author>
            <volume>26</volume>
            <first_page>16</first_page>
            <cYear>2000</cYear>
            <doi>10.1038/79120</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Grady WM, Willis J, Guilford PJ, et al. 
                    Methylation of the CDH1 promoter as the second genetic hit in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. 
                    Nat Genet  
                    2000; 
                    26
                    (1)
                    : 16-7.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref45">
            <journal_title>J. Nutr.</journal_title>
            <author>Rowling M.J.</author>
            <volume>131</volume>
            <first_page>1914</first_page>
            <cYear>2001</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Rowling MJ, Schalinske KL. 
                    Retinoid compounds activate and induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase in rats. 
                    J Nutr  
                    2001; 
                    131
                    (7)
                    : 1914-7.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref46">
            <journal_title>J. Nutr.</journal_title>
            <author>Rowling M.J.</author>
            <volume>133</volume>
            <first_page>3392</first_page>
            <cYear>2003</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Rowling MJ, Schalinske KL. 
                    Retinoic acid and glucocorticoid treatment induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase and lower plasma homocysteine concentrations in rats and rat hepatoma cells. 
                    J Nutr  
                    2003; 
                    133
                    (11)
                    : 3392-8.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref47">
            <journal_title>J. Biol. Chem.</journal_title>
            <author>Ogawa H.</author>
            <volume>257</volume>
            <first_page>3447</first_page>
            <cYear>1982</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ogawa H, Fujioka M. 
                    Purification and properties of glycine N-methyltransferase from rat liver. 
                    J Biol Chem  
                    1982; 
                    257
                    (7)
                    : 3447-52.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref48">
            <journal_title>J. Nutr.</journal_title>
            <author>Ozias M.K.</author>
            <volume>133</volume>
            <first_page>4090</first_page>
            <cYear>2003</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Ozias MK, Schalinske KL. 
                    All-trans-retinoic acid rapidly induces glycine N-methyltransferase in a dose-dependent manner and reduces circulating methionine and homocysteine levels in rats. 
                    J Nutr  
                    2003; 
                    133
                    (12)
                    : 4090-4.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref49">
            <journal_title>J. Nutr.</journal_title>
            <author>Rowling M.J.</author>
            <volume>132</volume>
            <first_page>365</first_page>
            <cYear>2002</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Rowling MJ, McMullen MH, Schalinske KL. 
                    Vitamin A and its derivatives induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase and hypomethylation of DNA in rats. 
                    J Nutr  
                    2002; 
                    132
                    (3)
                    : 365-9.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref50">
            <journal_title>J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.</journal_title>
            <author>Chanson A.</author>
            <volume>22</volume>
            <first_page>94</first_page>
            <cYear>2008</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Chanson A, Cardinault N, Rock E, et al. 
                    Decreased plasma folate concentration in young and elderly healthy subjects after a short-term supplementation with isotretinoin. 
                    J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol  
                    2008; 
                    22
                    (1)
                    : 94-100.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref51">
            <journal_title>Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.</journal_title>
            <author>Wagner C.</author>
            <volume>127</volume>
            <first_page>746</first_page>
            <cYear>1985</cYear>
            <doi>10.1016/S0006-291X(85)80006-1</doi>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Wagner C, Briggs WT, Cook RJ. 
                    Inhibition of glycine N-methyltransferase activity by folate derivatives: implications for regulation of methyl group metabolism. 
                    Biochem Biophys Res Commun  
                    1985; 
                    127
                    (3)
                    : 746-52.
                    
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref52">
            <journal_title>J. Biol. Chem.</journal_title>
            <author>Wagner C.</author>
            <volume>264</volume>
            <first_page>9638</first_page>
            <cYear>1989</cYear>
            <unstructured_citation>
                    Wagner C, Decha-Umphai W, Corbin J. 
                    Phosphorylation modulates the activity of glycine N-methyltransferase, a folate binding protein. In vitro phosphorylation is inhibited by the natural folate ligand. 
                    J Biol Chem  
                    1989; 
                    264
                    (16)
                    : 9638-42.
                    
                    
                </unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
        </citation_list>
      </journal_article>
    </journal>
  </body>
</doi_batch>
