TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-10-69 1553506421 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 3 25 2016 10 1 Horieh Moosavi Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Objectives: This study investigated the effects of post bleaching treatments to prevent restaining and the change of enamel surface microhardness after dental bleaching in vitro. Methods: Sixty intact human incisor teeth were stained in tea solution and randomly assigned into four groups (n=15). Then samples were bleached for two weeks (8 hours daily) by 15% carbamide peroxide. Tooth color was determined both with a spectrophotometer and visually before bleaching (T1) and immediately after bleaching (T2). Next, it was applied in group 1 fluoride (Naf 2%) gel for 2 minutes, and in group 2 a fractional CO2 laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s), and in group 3, nanohydroxyapatite gel for 2 minutes. The bleached teeth in group 4 remained untreated (control group). Then teeth placed in tea solution again. Color examinations were repeated after various post bleaching treatments (T3) and restaining with tea (T4) and color change values recorded. The microhardness was measured at the enamel surface of samples. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett T3 (α = 0.05). Results: Directly after bleaching (ΔE T3-T2), the treatment with nanohydroxyapatite showed significantly the least color lapse in colorimetric evaluation. In experimental groups, the color change between T3 and T4 stages (ΔE T4-T3) was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). Different methods of enamel treatment caused a significant increase in surface microhardness compared to control group (P < 0.05). Significance: Application of fluoride, fractional CO2 laser and nanohydroxyapatite as post bleaching treatments are suggested for prevention of stain absorption and increasing the hardening of bleached enamel. 3 25 2016 69 78 TODENTJ-10-69 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2015-2-26 2015-11-9 2015-11-10 2016-3-25 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1874210616021000069 1553506421 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/10/PAGE/69/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-69/TODENTJ-10-69.xml SADJ Grobler S.R. 64 474 2009 Grobler SR, Majeed A, Moola MH. 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