TODENTJ-25-03-2019_TODENTJ-10-124 1553506437 Bentham Open doi@benthamopen.net Bentham Open The Open Dentistry Journal TODENTJ 1874-2106 04 30 2016 10 1 Youssef S. Al Jabbari Spiros Zinelis Sara M. Al Taweel William W. Nagy Purpose The debonding load of heat-activated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin material to a nickel-chromium-beryllium (Ni-Cr-Be) alloy conditioned by three different surface treatments and utilizing two different commercial bonding systems was investigated. Materials and Methods Denture resin (Lucitone-199) was bonded to Ni-Cr-Be alloy specimens treated with Metal Primer II, the Rocatec system with opaquer and the Rocatec system without opaquer. Denture base resin specimens bonded to non-treated sandblasted Ni-Cr-Be alloy were used as controls. Twenty samples for each treatment condition (80 specimens) were tested. The 80 specimens were divided into two categories, thermocycled and non-thermocycled, containing four groups of ten specimens each. The non-thermocycled specimens were tested after 48 hours’ storage in room temperature water. The thermocycled specimens were tested after 2,000 cycles in 4°C and 55°C water baths. The debonding load was calculated in Newtons (N), and collected data were subjected by non parametric test Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks and Dunn’s post hoc test at the α = 0.05. Results The Metal Primer II and Rocatec system without opaquer groups produced significantly higher bond strengths (119.9 and 67.6 N), respectively, than did the sandblasted and Rocatec system with opaquer groups, where the bond strengths were 2.6 N and 0 N, respectively. The Metal Primer II was significantly different from all other groups (P<0.05). The bond strengths of all groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after thermocycling. Conclusions Although thermocycling had a detrimental effect on the debonding load of all surface treatments tested, the Metal Primer II system provided higher values among all bonding systems tested, before and after thermocycling. 04 30 2016 124 130 TODENTJ-10-124 1 10.2174/crossmark_policy opendentistryjournal.com benthamopen.com true Peer Reviewed Single blind Checked with iThenticate 2015-11-08 2016-03-21 2016-03-29 2016-04-30 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 10.2174/1874210601610010124 1553506437 https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/10/PAGE/124/ https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.pdf https://opendentistryjournal.com/contents/volumes/V10/TODENTJ-10-124/TODENTJ-10-124.xml Br. Dent. J. Darbar U.R. 176 342 1994 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808449 Darbar UR, Huggett R, Harrison A. Denture fracture--a survey. Br Dent J 1994; 176 (9) : 342-5. Adv. Dent. Res. Morris H.F. 6 28 1992 Morris HF, Manz M, Stoffer W, Weir D. Casting alloys: the materials and “The Clinical Effects”. Adv Dent Res 1992; 6 : 28-31. J. Prosthet. Dent. NaBadalung D.P. 80 354 1998 10.1016/S0022-3913(98)70137-4 NaBadalung DP, Powers JM, Connelly ME. Comparison of bond strengths of three denture base resins to treated nickel-chromium-beryllium alloy. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80 (3) : 354-61. J. Prosthet. Dent. Sharp B. 84 617 2000 10.1067/mpr.2000.111497 Sharp B, Morton D, Clark AE. Effectiveness of metal surface treatments in controlling microleakage of the acrylic resin-metal framework interface. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 84 (6) : 617-22. Dent. Mater. J. Suzuki T. 24 530 2005 10.4012/dmj.24.530 Suzuki T, Takahashi H, Arksornnukit M, Oda N, Hirano S. Bonding properties of heat-polymerized denture base resin to Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy. Dent Mater J 2005; 24 (4) : 530-5. J. Oral Sci. Ishii T. 51 161 2009 10.2334/josnusd.51.161 Ishii T, Koizumi H, Tanoue N, Naito K, Yamashita M, Matsumura H. Effect of alumina air-abrasion on mechanical bonding between an acrylic resin and casting alloys. J Oral Sci 2009; 51 (2) : 161-6. J. Appl. Oral Sci. Freitas A.P. 12 113 2004 10.1590/S1678-77572004000200006 Freitas AP, Francisconi PA. Effect of a metal primer on the bond strength of the resin-metal interface. J Appl Oral Sci 2004; 12 (2) : 113-6. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. Silveira de Araújo C. 7 26 2006 Silveira de Araújo C, Incerti da Silva T, Ogliari FA, Meireles SS, Piva E, Demarco FF. Microleakage of seven adhesive systems in enamel and dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006; 7 (5) : 26-33. Dent. Mater. Silikas N. 23 665 2007 10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.007 Silikas N, Wincott PL, Vaughan D, Watts DC, Eliades G. Surface characterization of precious alloys treated with thione metal primers. Dent Mater 2007; 23 (6) : 665-73. J. Prosthet. Dent. Kourtis S.G. 78 136 1997 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70117-3 Kourtis SG. Bond strengths of resin-to-metal bonding systems. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78 (2) : 136-45. J. Prosthet. Dent. Sarafianou A. 99 377 2008 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60086-4 Sarafianou A, Seimenis I, Papadopoulos T. Effectiveness of different adhesive primers on the bond strength between an indirect composite resin and a base metal alloy. J Prosthet Dent 2008; 99 (5) : 377-87. Odontology Yanagida H. 97 103 2009 10.1007/s10266-009-0103-x Yanagida H, Tanoue N, Ide T, Matsumura H. Evaluation of two dual-functional primers and a tribochemical surface modification system applied to the bonding of an indirect composite resin to metals. Odontology 2009; 97 (2) : 103-8. J. Adhes. Dent. Matsuda Y. 12 223 2010 Matsuda Y, Yanagida H, Ide T, Matsumura H, Tanoue N. Bond strength of poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base material to cast titanium and cobalt-chromium alloy. J Adhes Dent 2010; 12 (3) : 223-9. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. Mazurat R.D. 64 503 1998 Mazurat RD, Pesun S. Resin-metal bonding systems: a review of the Silicoating and Kevloc systems. J Can Dent Assoc 1998; 64 (7) : 503-7. J. Dent. Shimizu H. 34 117 2006 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.05.002 Shimizu H, Kurtz KS, Tachii Y, Takahashi Y. Use of metal conditioners to improve bond strengths of autopolymerizing denture base resin to cast Ti-6Al-7Nb and Co-Cr. J Dent 2006; 34 (2) : 117-22. Oper. Dent. Sahafi A. 29 60 2004 Sahafi A, Peutzfeld A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Effect of surface treatment of prefabricated posts on bonding of resin cement. Oper Dent 2004; 29 (1) : 60-8. Int. J. Prosthodont. Sahafi A. 17 307 2004 Sahafi A, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Retention and failure morphology of prefabricated posts. Int J Prosthodont 2004; 17 (3) : 307-12. J. Dent. Matsumura H. 25 285 1997 10.1016/S0300-5712(96)00023-1 Matsumura H, Tanaka T, Atsuta M. Effect of acidic primers on bonding between stainless steel and auto-polymerizing methacrylic resins. J Dent 1997; 25 (3-4) : 285-90. J. Prosthet. Dent. Vojvodic D. 81 1 1999 Vojvodic D, Jerolimov V, Celebic A, Catovic A. Bond strengths of silicoated and acrylic resin bonding systems to metal. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 81 (1) : 1-6. J. Prosthodont. Clelland N.L. 9 30 2000 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2000.00030.x Clelland NL, van Putten MC, Brantley WA, Knobloch LA. Adhesion testing of a denture base resin with 5 casting alloys. J Prosthodont 2000; 9 (1) : 30-6. J. Prosthet. Dent. Kim J.Y. 90 184 2003 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00261-0 Kim JY, Pfeiffer P, Niedermeier W. Effect of laboratory procedures and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of resin-metal bonding systems. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 90 (2) : 184-9. J. Prosthodont. Di Francescantonio M. 19 125 2010 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2009.00534.x Di Francescantonio M, de Oliveira MT, Garcia RN, Romanini JC, da Silva NR, Giannini M. Bond strength of resin cements to Co-Cr and Ni-Cr metal alloys using adhesive primers. J Prosthodont 2010; 19 (2) : 125-9. Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent. Radhi A. 16 132 2008 Radhi A, Juszczyk AS, Curtis RV, Sherriff M, Radford DR, Clark RK. Effect of GC METALPRIMER II on bond strength of heat-cured acrylic resin to titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with two different surface treatments. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2008; 16 (3) : 132-7. Br. J. Orthod. Fox N.A. 21 33 1994 10.1179/bjo.21.1.33 Fox NA, McCabe JF, Buckley JG. A critique of bond strength testing in orthodontics. Br J Orthod 1994; 21 (1) : 33-43. Polymer (Guildf.) Kuntman A. 34 3723 1993 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90060-N Kuntman A, Baysal B. Estimation of thermodynamic parameters for poly(ethyl methacrylate)/isopropyl alcohol system from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Polymer (Guildf) 1993; 34 : 3723-6. J. Prosthet. Dent. Zinelis S. 90 332 2003 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00493-1 Zinelis S, Tsetsekou A, Papadopoulos T. Thermal expansion and microstructural analysis of experimental metal-ceramic titanium alloys. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 90 (4) : 332-8.